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134 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
134 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
---
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marp: true
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paginate: true
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math: mathjax
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theme: buutti
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title: 1. Introduction to C# and .NET
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---
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# Introduction to C# and .NET
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<!-- headingDivider: 5 -->
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<!-- class: invert -->
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## Overview
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* C#
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* .NET
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* Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)
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* Base Class Library (BCL)
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## C#
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<div class='columns' markdown='1'>
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<div markdown='1'>
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* The C# (pronounced *c sharp*) programming language was introduced by Microsoft in 2000, alongside the .NET framework
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* Unlike C and C++, C# runs on a virtual machine like Java
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* Easy to understand, general purpose, high-level, object oriented
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* Resembles Java, which was very popular in the 90s
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* Newest version is 13.0 from 2024
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</div>
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<div markdown='1'>
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Source: [http://pypl.github.io/PYPL.html](http://pypl.github.io/PYPL.html)
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</div>
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</div>
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## C# Syntax example
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<div class='columns' markdown='1'>
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<div markdown='1'>
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```c#
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using System;
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namespace MyAwesomeProgram
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{
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class Program
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{
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static void Main(string[] args)
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{
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Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
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}
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}
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}
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```
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</div>
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<div markdown='1'>
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* Everything is inside a `class`
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* Rows = statements
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* Curly braces `{` and `}` mark the start and the end of different ***bodies*** of statements
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* Semicolon `;` at the end of some statements
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* When to use semicolon? Don't worry: Visual Studio will tell you
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</div>
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</div>
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* Try out the [online compiler](https://www.programiz.com/csharp-programming/online-compiler/)!
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## .NET
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* .NET (pronounced *dot net*) is Microsoft's software framework for building and running web services
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* [.NET fundamentals](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/), [Introduction to .NET](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/introduction)
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* Fully supports C#, F# and Visual Basic
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* Implements Common Language Infrastructure, so it can compile managed code (languages above) into machine code
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* Provides [automatic memory management](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/automatic-memory-management) via a garbage collector (GC)
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* Type-safe and memory-safe thanks to GC and strict compilers
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## .NET vs .NET Framework
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* *.NET Framework*
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* Launched in 2001
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* Closed-source
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* Windows-only
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* Current version 4.8.1 launched in 2022
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* *.NET* (originally *.NET core*)
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* Launched in 2016, Successor to .NET Framework
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* [Open source]([https://github.com/dotnet/](https://github.com/dotnet/))
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* Cross-platform (Linux, Mac, Windows)
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* Current version 9.0 launched in 2024
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* We will be using .NET Core as the .NET Framework is considered legacy
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## Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)
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<div class='columns32' markdown='1'>
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<div markdown='1'>
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* Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is a standardized specification that decribes how different high-level langauges (like C#) can be run on different platforms without having to be rewritten
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* both versions of .NET are ***implementations*** of the CLI
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* Another implementation is the free and open-source [Mono](https://www.mono-project.com/) project
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* Used by the Unity game engine and the MonoGame framework
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</div>
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<div markdown='1'>
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</div>
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</div>
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## Base Class Library (BCL)
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* [Base Class Library](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/class-library-overview) (BCL) is a set of libraries that every .NET implementation uses, mostly under the `System` namespace
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* Consists of common tools like classes and value types that you will need to create your programs
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* No need to reinvent the wheel with every new project
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```csharp
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using System;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.Linq;
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using System.Threading.Tasks;
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```
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## Assignments
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<!--_class: "exercise invert" -->
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[Assignments about this topic can be found here](https://gitea.buutti.com/education/academy-assignments/src/branch/master/C%23%20Basics/1.%20C%23%20Basics%20Assignments)
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