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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>2. Variables and Types</title><meta property="og:title" content="2. Variables and Types"><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,height=device-height,initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><style>@media screen{body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;border:0;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;font-size:inherit;opacity:.8;outline:none;padding:0;transition:opacity .2s linear}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:disabled,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:disabled,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button:disabled,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;opacity:.15!important}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button:hover,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button:hover{opacity:1}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover:active,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover:active,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button:hover:active,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button:hover:active{opacity:.6}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover:not(:disabled),body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover:not(:disabled),body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button:hover:not(:disabled),body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button:hover:not(:disabled){transition:none}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=prev],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=prev],body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button.bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page-prev{background:transparent url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBzdHJva2U9IiNmZmYiIHN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSI1IiBkPSJNNjggOTAgMjggNTBsNDAtNDAiLz48L3N2Zz4=") no-repeat 50%;background-size:contain;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=next],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=next],body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button.bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page-next{background:transparent url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBzdHJva2U9IiNmZmYiIHN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSI1IiBkPSJtMzIgOTAgNDAtNDAtNDAtNDAiLz48L3N2Zz4=") no-repeat 50%;background-size:contain;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=fullscreen],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=fullscreen]{background:transparent url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48ZGVmcz48c3R5bGU+LmF7ZmlsbDpub25lO3N0cm9rZTojZmZmO3N0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwOnJvdW5kO3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6NXB4fTwvc3R5bGU+PC9kZWZzPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI4MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI2MCIgeD0iMTAiIHk9IjIwIiBjbGFzcz0iYSIgcng9IjUuNjciLz48cGF0aCBkPSJNNDAgNzBIMjBWNTBtMjAgMEwyMCA3MG00MC00MGgyMHYyMG0tMjAgMCAyMC0yMCIgY2xhc3M9ImEiLz48L3N2Zz4=") no-repeat 50%;background-size:contain;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button.exit[data-bespoke-marp-osc=fullscreen],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button.exit[data-bespoke-marp-osc=fullscreen]{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48ZGVmcz48c3R5bGU+LmF7ZmlsbDpub25lO3N0cm9rZTojZmZmO3N0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwOnJvdW5kO3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6NXB4fTwvc3R5bGU+PC9kZWZzPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI4MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI2MCIgeD0iMTAiIHk9IjIwIiBjbGFzcz0iYSIgcng9IjUuNjciLz48cGF0aCBkPSJNMjAgNTBoMjB2MjBtLTIwIDAgMjAtMjBtNDAgMEg2MFYzMG0yMCAwTDYwIDUwIiBjbGFzcz0iYSIvPjwvc3ZnPg==")}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=presenter],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=presenter]{background:transparent url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBzdHJva2U9IiNmZmYiIHN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSI1IiBkPSJNODcuOCA0Ny41Qzg5IDUwIDg3LjcgNTIgODUgNTJIMzVhOC43IDguNyAwIDAgMS03LjItNC41bC0xNS42LTMxQzExIDE0IDEyLjIgMTIgMTUgMTJoNTBhOC44IDguOCAwIDAgMSA3LjIgNC41ek02MCA1MnYzNm0tMTAgMGgyME00NSA0MmgyMCIvPjwvc3ZnPg==") no-repeat 50%;background-size:contain;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button.bespoke-marp-presenter-note-bigger{background:transparent url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48cGF0aCBzdHJva2U9IiNmZmYiIHN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSI1IiBkPSJNMTIgNTBoODBNNTIgOTBWMTAiLz48L3N2Zz4=") no-repeat 50%;background-size:contain;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button.bespoke-marp-presenter-note-smaller{background:transparent url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBzdHJva2U9IiNmZmYiIHN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSI1IiBkPSJNMTIgNTBoODAiLz48L3N2Zz4=") no-repeat 50%;background-size:contain;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap}}@keyframes __bespoke_marp_transition_reduced_outgoing__{0%{opacity:1}to{opacity:0}}@keyframes __bespoke_marp_transition_reduced_incoming__{0%{mix-blend-mode:plus-lighter;opacity:0}to{mix-blend-mode:plus-lighter;opacity:1}}.bespoke-marp-note,.bespoke-marp-osc,.bespoke-progress-parent{display:none;transition:none}@media screen{::view-transition-group(*){animation-duration:var(--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-duration,.5s);animation-timing-function:ease}::view-transition-new(*),::view-transition-old(*){animation-delay:0s;animation-direction:var(--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-direction,normal);animation-duration:var(--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-duration,.5s);animation-fill-mode:both;animation-name:var(--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-name,var(--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-name-fallback,__bespoke_marp_transition_no_animation__));mix-blend-mode:normal}::view-transition-old(*){--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-name-fallback:__bespoke_marp_transition_reduced_outgoing__;animation-timing-function:ease}::view-transition-new(*){--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-name-fallback:__bespoke_marp_transition_reduced_incoming__;animation-timing-function:ease}::view-transition-new(root),::view-transition-old(root){animation-timing-function:linear}::view-transition-new(__bespoke_marp_transition_osc__),::view-transition-old(__bespoke_marp_transition_osc__){animation-duration:0s!important;animation-name:__bespoke_marp_transition_osc__!important}::view-transition-new(__bespoke_marp_transition_osc__){opacity:0!important}.bespoke-marp-transition-warming-up::view-transition-group(*),.bespoke-marp-transition-warming-up::view-transition-new(*),.bespoke-marp-transition-warming-up::view-transition-old(*){animation-play-state:paused!important}body,html{height:100%;margin:0}body{background:#000;overflow:hidden}svg.bespoke-marp-slide{content-visibility:hidden;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;z-index:-1}svg.bespoke-marp-slide:not(.bespoke-marp-active) *{view-transition-name:none!important}svg.bespoke-marp-slide.bespoke-marp-active{content-visibility:visible;opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;z-index:0}svg.bespoke-marp-slide.bespoke-marp-active.bespoke-marp-active-ready *{animation-name:__bespoke_marp__!important}@supports not (content-visibility:hidden){svg.bespoke-marp-slide[data-bespoke-marp-load=hideable]{display:none}svg.bespoke-marp-slide[data-bespoke-marp-load=hideable].bespoke-marp-active{display:block}}}@media screen and (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){svg.bespoke-marp-slide *{view-transition-name:none!important}}@media screen{[data-bespoke-marp-fragment=inactive]{visibility:hidden}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent{inset:0;position:absolute}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc{view-transition-name:__bespoke_marp_transition_osc__;background:rgba(0,0,0,.65);border-radius:7px;bottom:50px;color:#fff;contain:paint;display:block;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;left:50%;line-height:0;opacity:1;padding:12px;position:absolute;touch-action:manipulation;transform:translateX(-50%);transition:opacity .2s linear;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;white-space:nowrap;will-change:transform;z-index:1}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>*,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>*{margin-left:6px}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>:first-child,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>:first-child{margin-left:0}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>span,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>span{opacity:.8}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>span[data-bespoke-marp-osc=page],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>span[data-bespoke-marp-osc=page]{display:inline-block;min-width:140px;text-align:center}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=fullscreen],body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=next],body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=presenter],body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=prev],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=fullscreen],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=next],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=presenter],body[data-bespoke-view=next] 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cubic-bezier(0,1,1,1)}body[data-bespoke-view=next]{background:transparent}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter]{background:#161616}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container{display:grid;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;grid-template:"current dragbar next" minmax(140px,1fr) "current dragbar note" 2fr "info dragbar note" 3em;grid-template-columns:minmax(3px,var(--bespoke-marp-presenter-split-ratio,66%)) 0 minmax(3px,1fr);height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-parent{grid-area:current;overflow:hidden;position:relative}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-parent svg.bespoke-marp-slide{height:calc(100% - 40px);left:20px;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;top:20px;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:calc(100% - 40px)}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-parent 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.bespoke-marp-presenter-note-buttons{background:rgba(0,0,0,.65);border-radius:4px;bottom:0;display:flex;gap:4px;margin:12px;opacity:0;padding:6px;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:0;transition:opacity .2s linear}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-buttons:focus-within,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-wrapper:focus-within+.bespoke-marp-presenter-note-buttons,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container:hover .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-buttons{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note{word-wrap:break-word;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:calc(1.1em*var(--bespoke-marp-note-font-scale, 1));height:calc(100% - 40px);margin:20px;overflow:auto;padding-right:3px;scrollbar-color:hsla(0,0%,93%,.5) transparent;scrollbar-width:thin;white-space:pre-wrap;width:calc(100% - 40px)}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note::-webkit-scrollbar{width:6px}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:transparent}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:hsla(0,0%,93%,.5);border-radius:6px}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note:empty{pointer-events:none}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note.active{display:block}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note p:first-child{margin-top:0}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container{align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;color:#eee;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;grid-area:info;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding:0 10px}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-time,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-timer{box-sizing:border-box;display:block;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap;width:100%}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button{height:1.5em;line-height:1.5em;width:1.5em}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page{order:2;text-align:center}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page-text{display:inline-block;min-width:120px;text-align:center}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-time{color:#999;order:1;text-align:left}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-timer{color:#999;order:3;text-align:right}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-timer:hover{cursor:pointer}}@media print{.bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container,.bespoke-marp-presenter-next-container,.bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container{display:none}}</style><style>div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{width:1280px;height:720px;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;position:relative;scroll-snap-align:center center}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after{bottom:0;content:attr(data-marpit-pagination);padding:inherit;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:not([data-marpit-pagination]):after{display:none}/* Normalization */div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1){font-size:2em;margin:0.67em 0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section video::-webkit-media-controls{will-change:transform}@page{size:1280px 720px;margin:0}@media print{body,html{background-color:#fff;margin:0;page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-page}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{page-break-before:always;break-before:page}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section *{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact!important;animation-delay:0s!important;animation-duration:0s!important;color-adjust:exact!important;transition:none!important}div#\:\$p>svg[data-marpit-svg]{display:block;height:100vh;width:100vw}}
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/*!
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* Marp default theme.
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*
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* @theme default
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* @author Yuki Hattori
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*
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* @auto-scaling true
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* @size 16:9 1280px 720px
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* @size 4:3 960px 720px
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*/div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [data-theme=light]{--color-prettylights-syntax-comment:#6e7781;--color-prettylights-syntax-constant:#0550ae;--color-prettylights-syntax-entity:#6639ba;--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import:#24292f;--color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag:#116329;--color-prettylights-syntax-keyword:#cf222e;--color-prettylights-syntax-string:#0a3069;--color-prettylights-syntax-variable:#953800;--color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-unmatched:#82071e;--color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-text:#f6f8fa;--color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-bg:#82071e;--color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-text:#f6f8fa;--color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-bg:#cf222e;--color-prettylights-syntax-string-regexp:#116329;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-list:#3b2300;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-heading:#0550ae;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-italic:#24292f;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold:#24292f;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text:#82071e;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg:#ffebe9;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text:#116329;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg:#dafbe1;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-text:#953800;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-bg:#ffd8b5;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-text:#eaeef2;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-bg:#0550ae;--color-prettylights-syntax-meta-diff-range:#8250df;--color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-angle:#57606a;--color-prettylights-syntax-sublimelinter-gutter-mark:#8c959f;--color-prettylights-syntax-constant-other-reference-link:#0a3069;--color-fg-default:#1f2328;--color-fg-muted:#656d76;--color-fg-subtle:#6e7781;--color-canvas-default:#fff;--color-canvas-subtle:#f6f8fa;--color-border-default:#d0d7de;--color-border-muted:#d8dee4;--color-neutral-muted:rgba(175,184,193,.2);--color-accent-fg:#0969da;--color-accent-emphasis:#0969da;--color-attention-subtle:#fff8c5;--color-danger-fg:#d1242f;color-scheme:light}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [data-theme=dark],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:where(.invert){--color-prettylights-syntax-comment:#8b949e;--color-prettylights-syntax-constant:#79c0ff;--color-prettylights-syntax-entity:#d2a8ff;--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import:#c9d1d9;--color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag:#7ee787;--color-prettylights-syntax-keyword:#ff7b72;--color-prettylights-syntax-string:#a5d6ff;--color-prettylights-syntax-variable:#ffa657;--color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-unmatched:#f85149;--color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-text:#f0f6fc;--color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-bg:#8e1519;--color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-text:#f0f6fc;--color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-bg:#b62324;--color-prettylights-syntax-string-regexp:#7ee787;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-list:#f2cc60;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-heading:#1f6feb;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-italic:#c9d1d9;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold:#c9d1d9;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text:#ffdcd7;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg:#67060c;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text:#aff5b4;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg:#033a16;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-text:#ffdfb6;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-bg:#5a1e02;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-text:#c9d1d9;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-bg:#1158c7;--color-prettylights-syntax-meta-diff-range:#d2a8ff;--color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-angle:#8b949e;--color-prettylights-syntax-sublimelinter-gutter-mark:#484f58;--color-prettylights-syntax-constant-other-reference-link:#a5d6ff;--color-fg-default:#e6edf3;--color-fg-muted:#7d8590;--color-fg-subtle:#6e7681;--color-canvas-default:#0d1117;--color-canvas-subtle:#161b22;--color-border-default:#30363d;--color-border-muted:#21262d;--color-neutral-muted:hsla(215,8%,47%,.4);--color-accent-fg:#2f81f7;--color-accent-emphasis:#1f6feb;--color-attention-subtle:rgba(187,128,9,.15);--color-danger-fg:#f85149;color-scheme:dark}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;word-wrap:break-word;background-color:var(--color-canvas-default);color:var(--color-fg-default);font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Noto Sans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji;font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;margin:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{--marpit-root-font-size:16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1):hover .anchor .octicon-link:before,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2):hover .anchor .octicon-link:before,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3):hover .anchor .octicon-link:before,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4):hover .anchor .octicon-link:before,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5):hover .anchor .octicon-link:before,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6):hover .anchor .octicon-link:before{background-color:currentColor;content:" ";display:inline-block;height:16px;-webkit-mask-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 1 1 2.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2.83 0 .75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 0 0 4.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 0-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 0 1 0-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2.83 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 0 0-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 0 4.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 0 1-2.83 0z"/></svg>');mask-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 1 1 2.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2.83 0 .75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 0 0 4.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 0-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 0 1 0-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2.83 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 0 0-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 0 4.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 0 1-2.83 0z"/></svg>');width:16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section details,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section figcaption,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section figure{display:block}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary{display:list-item}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [hidden]{display:none!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section a{background-color:transparent;color:var(--color-accent-fg);text-decoration:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline dotted;text-decoration:underline dotted}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section b,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section strong{font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-semibold,600)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section dfn{font-style:italic}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1){border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-border-muted);font-size:2em;font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-semibold,600);margin:.67em 0;padding-bottom:.3em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mark{background-color:var(--color-attention-subtle);color:var(--color-fg-default)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section small{font-size:90%}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section sub,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section sub{bottom:-.25em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section sup{top:-.5em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section img{background-color:var(--color-canvas-default);border-style:none;box-sizing:content-box;max-width:100%}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section kbd,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section figure{margin:1em 40px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section hr{background:transparent;background-color:var(--color-border-default);border:0;box-sizing:content-box;height:.25em;margin:24px 0;overflow:hidden;padding:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section input{font:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;overflow:visible}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [type=button],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [type=reset],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [type=checkbox],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [type=radio]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:inherit;opacity:.54}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section a:hover{text-decoration:underline}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ::-moz-placeholder{color:var(--color-fg-subtle);opacity:1}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ::placeholder{color:var(--color-fg-subtle);opacity:1}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section hr:after,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section hr:before{content:"";display:table}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section hr:after{clear:both}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;display:block;max-width:100%;overflow:auto;width:-moz-max-content;width:max-content}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section td,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section th{padding:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section details summary{cursor:pointer}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section details:not([open])>:not(summary){display:none!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [role=button]:focus,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section a:focus,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section input[type=checkbox]:focus,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section input[type=radio]:focus{box-shadow:none;outline:2px solid var(--color-accent-fg);outline-offset:-2px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [role=button]:focus:not(:focus-visible),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section a:focus:not(:focus-visible),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section input[type=checkbox]:focus:not(:focus-visible),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section input[type=radio]:focus:not(:focus-visible){outline:1px solid transparent}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [role=button]:focus-visible,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section a:focus-visible,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section input[type=checkbox]:focus-visible,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section input[type=radio]:focus-visible{box-shadow:none;outline:2px solid var(--color-accent-fg);outline-offset:-2px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section a:not([class]):focus,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section a:not([class]):focus-visible,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section input[type=checkbox]:focus,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section input[type=checkbox]:focus-visible,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section input[type=radio]:focus,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section input[type=radio]:focus-visible{outline-offset:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section kbd{background-color:var(--color-canvas-subtle);border-bottom-color:var(--color-neutral-muted);border:1px solid var(--color-neutral-muted);border-radius:6px;box-shadow:inset 0 -1px 0 var(--color-neutral-muted);color:var(--color-fg-default);display:inline-block;font:11px ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,SF Mono,Menlo,Consolas,Liberation Mono,monospace;line-height:10px;padding:3px 5px;vertical-align:middle}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6){font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-semibold,600);line-height:1.25;margin-bottom:16px;margin-top:24px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2){border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-border-muted);font-size:1.5em;padding-bottom:.3em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3){font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-semibold,600)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3){font-size:1.25em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4){font-size:1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5){font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-semibold,600)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5){font-size:.875em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6){color:var(--color-fg-muted);font-size:.85em;font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-semibold,600)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section p{margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section blockquote{border-left:.25em solid var(--color-border-default);color:var(--color-fg-muted);margin:0;padding:0 1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ul{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding-left:2em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol ol,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ul ol{list-style-type:lower-roman}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol ol ol,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol ul ol,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ul ol ol,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ul ul ol{list-style-type:lower-alpha}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section dd{margin-left:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section samp,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section tt{font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,SF Mono,Menlo,Consolas,Liberation Mono,monospace;font-size:12px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre){word-wrap:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .octicon{fill:currentColor;display:inline-block;overflow:visible!important;vertical-align:text-bottom}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section input::-webkit-inner-spin-button,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section input::-webkit-outer-spin-button{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;margin:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:before{
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:is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-type),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-variable.language_){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-keyword)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.class_),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.class_.inherited__),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.function_){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-attr),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-attribute),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-literal),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-number),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-operator),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-attr),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-class),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-id),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-variable){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta .hljs-string),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-regexp),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-string){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-string)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-built_in),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-symbol){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-variable)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-code),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-comment),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-formula){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-comment)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-name),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-quote),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-pseudo),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-tag){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-subst){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-section){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-heading);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-bullet){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-list)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-emphasis){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-italic);font-style:italic}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-strong){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-addition){background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-deletion){background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section footer,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section header{color:var(--header-footer-color);font-size:18px;left:30px;margin:0;position:absolute}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section header{top:21px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section footer{bottom:21px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{--h1-color:#246;--header-footer-color:hsla(0,0%,40%,.75);--heading-strong-color:#48c;--paginate-color:#777;align-items:stretch;display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;font-size:29px;height:720px;justify-content:center;padding:78.5px;width:1280px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{--marpit-root-font-size:29px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:where(.invert){--h1-color:#cee7ff;--header-footer-color:hsla(0,0%,60%,.75);--heading-strong-color:#7bf;--paginate-color:#999}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:last-child,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-footer]>:nth-last-child(2){margin-bottom:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:first-child,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>header:first-child+*{margin-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after{bottom:21px;color:var(--paginate-color);font-size:24px;padding:0;position:absolute;right:30px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after{--marpit-root-font-size:24px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h2,marp-h2),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h3,marp-h3),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h4,marp-h4),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h5,marp-h5),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h6,marp-h6){color:currentcolor}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>:where(section){container-type:size}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG]{direction:ltr}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG]>svg{overflow:visible;min-height:1px;min-width:1px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG]>svg a{fill:blue;stroke:blue}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG][display=true]{display:block;text-align:center;margin:1em 0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG][display=true][width=full]{display:flex}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG][justify=left]{text-align:left}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG][justify=right]{text-align:right}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=merror]>g{fill:red;stroke:red}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=merror]>rect[data-background]{fill:yellow;stroke:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>line[data-line],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section svg[data-table]>g>line[data-line]{stroke-width:70px;fill:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>rect[data-frame],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section svg[data-table]>g>rect[data-frame]{stroke-width:70px;fill:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>.mjx-dashed,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section svg[data-table]>g>.mjx-dashed{stroke-dasharray:140}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>.mjx-dotted,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section svg[data-table]>g>.mjx-dotted{stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:0,140}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>g>svg{overflow:visible}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [jax=SVG] mjx-tool{display:inline-block;position:relative;width:0;height:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [jax=SVG] mjx-tool>mjx-tip{position:absolute;top:0;left:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-tool>mjx-tip{display:inline-block;padding:.2em;border:1px solid #888;font-size:70%;background-color:#F8F8F8;color:black;box-shadow:2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=maction][data-toggle]{cursor:pointer}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-status{display:block;position:fixed;left:1em;bottom:1em;min-width:25%;padding:.2em .4em;border:1px solid #888;font-size:90%;background-color:#F8F8F8;color:black}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section foreignObject[data-mjx-xml]{font-family:initial;line-height:normal;overflow:visible}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG] path[data-c],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG] use[data-c]{stroke-width:3}@media print{div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG] path[data-c],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG] use[data-c]{stroke-width:0}}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section img[data-marp-twemoji]{background:transparent;height:1em;margin:0 .05em 0 .1em;vertical-align:-.1em;width:1em}
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/* buutti.css */
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/* @theme buutti */div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns12{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 2fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns21{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns32{display:grid;grid-template-columns:3fr 2fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns23{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 3fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns111{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .centered{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;text-align:center}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .tableborderless td,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section th{border:none!important;border-collapse:collapse}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section.extra{background-color:#5d275d;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#401a40,#1d0c1d);color:white}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section.extra a{color:rgb(145,255,209)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section.exercise{background-color:#29366f;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#20636a,#173742);color:white}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section.exercise a{color:rgb(211,173,255)}
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/* @theme oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl */div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]{columns:initial!important;display:block!important;padding:0!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]:after,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]:before,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content]:after,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content]:before{display:none!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{all:initial;display:flex;flex-direction:row;height:100%;overflow:hidden;width:100%}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container][data-marpit-advanced-background-direction=vertical]{flex-direction:column}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background][data-marpit-advanced-background-split]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{width:var(--marpit-advanced-background-split,50%)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background][data-marpit-advanced-background-split=right]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{margin-left:calc(100% - var(--marpit-advanced-background-split, 50%))}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]>figure{all:initial;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;flex:auto;margin:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]>figure>figcaption{position:absolute;border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo]{background:transparent!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo],div#\:\$p>svg[data-marpit-svg]>foreignObject[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo]{pointer-events:none!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background-split]{width:100%;height:100%}</style></head><body><div class="bespoke-marp-osc"><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="prev" tabindex="-1" title="Previous slide">Previous slide</button><span data-bespoke-marp-osc="page"></span><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="next" tabindex="-1" title="Next slide">Next slide</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="fullscreen" tabindex="-1" title="Toggle fullscreen (f)">Toggle fullscreen</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="presenter" tabindex="-1" title="Open presenter view (p)">Open presenter view</button></div><div id=":$p"><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="1" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="1" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
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<h1 id="variables-and-types">Variables and Types</h1>
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</section>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="2" data-marpit-fragments="9" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="2" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
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<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
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<ul>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Variables</li>
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|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Comments</li>
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|
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Data Types</li>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="4">Arithmetic Operators</li>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="5">Increment & Decrement</li>
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|
<li data-marpit-fragment="6">Assignment Operators</li>
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|
<li data-marpit-fragment="7">Strings</li>
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|
<li data-marpit-fragment="8">Character Constants</li>
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|
<li data-marpit-fragment="9">String Interpolation</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="3" data-marpit-fragments="4" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="3" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
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<h2 id="variables">Variables</h2>
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<ul>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="1">A variable can be thought of as a name for a certain address in computer's memory
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<ul>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Using this name we can access the value on the computer's memory</li>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="3">The value can be read or written</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="4">On more practical terms: We can assign values to named variables.</li>
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|
</ul>
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</section>
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|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="4" data-marpit-fragments="3" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="4" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
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<h3 id="declaring-variables">Declaring variables</h3>
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<ul>
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|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Every variable declaration in C# requires the <em><strong>type</strong></em> and the <em><strong>name</strong></em> of the variable, for example:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> x;
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</code></pre>
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|
</li>
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|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">After declaration, you can assign a <em><strong>value</strong></em> for declared variables:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp">x = <span class="hljs-number">25</span>;
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</code></pre>
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|
</li>
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|
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Variable declaration with value assignment can be done in one line:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> x = <span class="hljs-number">25</span>;
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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|
</ul>
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</section>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="5" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="5" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
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|
<h3 id="printing-to-console-with-consolewriteline">Printing to console with <code>Console.WriteLine</code></h3>
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|
<div class='columns' markdown='1'>
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|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<ul>
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|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">We can use the method <code>Console.WriteLine</code> to write, a.k.a. <em><strong>print</strong></em> to the C# console<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp">Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">"Hello World!"</span>)
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|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">We can also declare variables and print their values like this:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> example = <span class="hljs-number">123</span>;
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine(example);
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// prints 123</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<p>This program prints the value <code>15</code>:</p>
|
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-keyword">using</span> System;
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">namespace</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyAwesomeProgram</span>
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Program</span>
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">Main</span>(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>[] args</span>)</span>
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> a = <span class="hljs-number">25</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> b = <span class="hljs-number">10</span>;
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine(a - b);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="6" data-marpit-fragments="4" data-paginate="true" data-class="extra invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="extra invert" data-marpit-pagination="6" style="--paginate:true;--class:extra invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
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|
<h3 id="extra-modifiers">Extra: Modifiers</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">A common modifier to add in front of a variable is <code>const</code>, short for <em><strong>constant</strong></em></li>
|
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|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">If we know that a value of a variable is never going to change during the execution of the script, we can set it to <code>const</code>:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> one = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
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one = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// raises an error</span>
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Some programmers prefer using <code>const</code> by default.</li>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="4">Other modifiers include <em><strong>access modifiers</strong></em> introduced in <a href="7-classes-and-objects#access-modifiers">Lecture 7</a>.</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="7" data-marpit-fragments="3" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="7" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
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<h2 id="comments">Comments</h2>
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<ul>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="1">There are two basic ways to comment in C#:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-comment">// This is a comment</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">/* This is a
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multi
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line
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comment */</span>
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Any text inside a comment will not be executed</li>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Use comments to<br />
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a) explain your code<br />
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b) comment out actual code for testing and debugging</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="8" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="8" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
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<h2 id="data-types">Data types</h2>
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</section>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="9" data-marpit-fragments="6" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="9" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
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<h3 id="what-is-a-data-type">What is a data type?</h3>
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<ul>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Data type tells to a computer what type of data is stored in a variable.</li>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Data types are commonly divided into two categories:
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<ul>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Primitive data types</li>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="4">Reference data types</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="5">Here we go through the primitive data types
|
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<ul>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="6">We dig deeper on the differences of these data types later in <a href="7-classes-and-objects#value-and-reference-types">Lecture 7</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="10" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="10" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
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<h2 id="primitive-data-types">Primitive data types</h2>
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<table>
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<thead>
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|
<tr>
|
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|
<th style="text-align:left">Type</th>
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<th style="text-align:left">Represents</th>
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<th style="text-align:left">Range</th>
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<th style="text-align:left">Default</th>
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</tr>
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|
</thead>
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<tbody>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>bool</code></td>
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|
<td style="text-align:left">Boolean value</td>
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<td style="text-align:left"><code>true</code> or <code>false</code></td>
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|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>false</code></td>
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|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>int</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">32-bit signed integer</td>
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|
<td style="text-align:left"><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13.072ex" height="1.717ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -677 5778 759"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><path data-c="2212" d="M84 237T84 250T98 270H679Q694 262 694 250T679 230H98Q84 237 84 250Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(778,0)"><path data-c="32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"></path><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path><path data-c="34" d="M462 0Q444 3 333 3Q217 3 199 0H190V46H221Q241 46 248 46T265 48T279 53T286 61Q287 63 287 115V165H28V211L179 442Q332 674 334 675Q336 677 355 677H373L379 671V211H471V165H379V114Q379 73 379 66T385 54Q393 47 442 46H471V0H462ZM293 211V545L74 212L183 211H293Z" transform="translate(1000,0)"></path><path data-c="37" d="M55 458Q56 460 72 567L88 674Q88 676 108 676H128V672Q128 662 143 655T195 646T364 644H485V605L417 512Q408 500 387 472T360 435T339 403T319 367T305 330T292 284T284 230T278 162T275 80Q275 66 275 52T274 28V19Q270 2 255 -10T221 -22Q210 -22 200 -19T179 0T168 40Q168 198 265 368Q285 400 349 489L395 552H302Q128 552 119 546Q113 543 108 522T98 479L95 458V455H55V458Z" transform="translate(1500,0)"></path><path data-c="34" d="M462 0Q444 3 333 3Q217 3 199 0H190V46H221Q241 46 248 46T265 48T279 53T286 61Q287 63 287 115V165H28V211L179 442Q332 674 334 675Q336 677 355 677H373L379 671V211H471V165H379V114Q379 73 379 66T385 54Q393 47 442 46H471V0H462ZM293 211V545L74 212L183 211H293Z" transform="translate(2000,0)"></path><path data-c="38" d="M70 417T70 494T124 618T248 666Q319 666 374 624T429 515Q429 485 418 459T392 417T361 389T335 371T324 363L338 354Q352 344 366 334T382 323Q457 264 457 174Q457 95 399 37T249 -22Q159 -22 101 29T43 155Q43 263 172 335L154 348Q133 361 127 368Q70 417 70 494ZM286 386L292 390Q298 394 301 396T311 403T323 413T334 425T345 438T355 454T364 471T369 491T371 513Q371 556 342 586T275 624Q268 625 242 625Q201 625 165 599T128 534Q128 511 141 492T167 463T217 431Q224 426 228 424L286 386ZM250 21Q308 21 350 55T392 137Q392 154 387 169T375 194T353 216T330 234T301 253T274 270Q260 279 244 289T218 306L210 311Q204 311 181 294T133 239T107 157Q107 98 150 60T250 21Z" transform="translate(2500,0)"></path><path data-c="33" d="M127 463Q100 463 85 480T69 524Q69 579 117 622T233 665Q268 665 277 664Q351 652 390 611T430 522Q430 470 396 421T302 350L299 348Q299 347 308 345T337 336T375 315Q457 262 457 175Q457 96 395 37T238 -22Q158 -22 100 21T42 130Q42 158 60 175T105 193Q133 193 151 175T169 130Q169 119 166 110T159 94T148 82T136 74T126 70T118 67L114 66Q165 21 238 21Q293 21 321 74Q338 107 338 175V195Q338 290 274 322Q259 328 213 329L171 330L168 332Q166 335 166 348Q166 366 174 366Q202 366 232 371Q266 376 294 413T322 525V533Q322 590 287 612Q265 626 240 626Q208 626 181 615T143 592T132 580H135Q138 579 143 578T153 573T165 566T175 555T183 540T186 520Q186 498 172 481T127 463Z" transform="translate(3000,0)"></path><path data-c="36" d="M42 313Q42 476 123 571T303 666Q372 666 402 630T432 550Q432 525 418 510T379 495Q356 495 341 509T326 548Q326 592 373 601Q351 623 311 626Q240 626 194 566Q147 500 147 364L148 360Q153 366 156 373Q197 433 263 433H267Q313 433 348 414Q372 400 396 374T435 317Q456 268 456 210V192Q456 169 451 149Q440 90 387 34T253 -22Q225 -22 199 -14T143 16T92 75T56 172T42 313ZM257 397Q227 397 205 380T171 335T154 278T148 216Q148 133 160 97T198 39Q222 21 251 21Q302 21 329 59Q342 77 347 104T352 209Q352 289 347 316T329 361Q302 397 257 397Z" transform="translate(3500,0)"></path><path data-c="34" d="M462 0Q444 3 333 3Q217 3 199 0H190V46H221Q241 46 248 46T265 48T279 53T286 61Q287 63 287 115V165H28V211L179 442Q332 674 334 675Q336 677 355 677H373L379 671V211H471V165H379V114Q379 73 379 66T385 54Q393 47 442 46H471V0H462ZM293 211V545L74 212L183 211H293Z" transform="translate(4000,0)"></path><path data-c="38" d="M70 417T70 494T124 618T248 666Q319 666 374 624T429 515Q429 485 418 459T392 417T361 389T335 371T324 363L338 354Q352 344 366 334T382 323Q457 264 457 174Q457 95 399 37T249 -22Q159 -22 101 29T43 155Q43 263 172 335L154 348Q133 361 127 368Q70 417 70 494ZM286 386L292 390Q298 394 301 396T311 403T323 413T334 425T345 438T355 454T364 471T369 491T371 513Q371 556 342 586T275 624Q268 625 242 625Q201 625 165 599T128 534Q128 511 141 492T167 463T217 431Q224 426 228 424L286 386ZM250 21Q308 21 350 55T392 137Q392 154 387 169T375 194T353 216T330 234T301 253T274 270Q260 279 244 289T218 306L210 311Q204 311 181 294T133 239T107 157Q107 98 150 60T250 21Z" transform="translate(4500,0)"></path></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container> to <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.05ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11.312ex" height="1.581ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -677 5000 699"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"></path><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path><path data-c="34" d="M462 0Q444 3 333 3Q217 3 199 0H190V46H221Q241 46 248 46T265 48T279 53T286 61Q287 63 287 115V165H28V211L179 442Q332 674 334 675Q336 677 355 677H373L379 671V211H471V165H379V114Q379 73 379 66T385 54Q393 47 442 46H471V0H462ZM293 211V545L74 212L183 211H293Z" transform="translate(1000,0)"></path><path data-c="37" d="M55 458Q56 460 72 567L88 674Q88 676 108 676H128V672Q128 662 143 655T195 646T364 644H485V605L417 512Q408 500 387 472T360 435T339 403T319 367T305 330T292 284T284 230T278 162T275 80Q275 66 275 52T274 28V19Q270 2 255 -10T221 -22Q210 -22 200 -19T179 0T168 40Q168 198 265 368Q285 400 349 489L395 552H302Q128 552 119 546Q113 543 108 522T98 479L95 458V455H55V458Z" transform="translate(1500,0)"></path><path data-c="34" d="M462 0Q444 3 333 3Q217 3 199 0H190V46H221Q241 46 248 46T265 48T279 53T286 61Q287 63 287 115V165H28V211L179 442Q332 674 334 675Q336 677 355 677H373L379 671V211H471V165H379V114Q379 73 379 66T385 54Q393 47 442 46H471V0H462ZM293 211V545L74 212L183 211H293Z" transform="translate(2000,0)"></path><path data-c="38" d="M70 417T70 494T124 618T248 666Q319 666 374 624T429 515Q429 485 418 459T392 417T361 389T335 371T324 363L338 354Q352 344 366 334T382 323Q457 264 457 174Q457 95 399 37T249 -22Q159 -22 101 29T43 155Q43 263 172 335L154 348Q133 361 127 368Q70 417 70 494ZM286 386L292 390Q298 394 301 396T311 403T323 413T334 425T345 438T355 454T364 471T369 491T371 513Q371 556 342 586T275 624Q268 625 242 625Q201 625 165 599T128 534Q128 511 141 492T167 463T217 431Q224 426 228 424L286 386ZM250 21Q308 21 350 55T392 137Q392 154 387 169T375 194T353 216T330 234T301 253T274 270Q260 279 244 289T218 306L210 311Q204 311 181 294T133 239T107 157Q107 98 150 60T250 21Z" transform="translate(2500,0)"></path><path data-c="33" d="M127 463Q100 463 85 480T69 524Q69 579 117 622T233 665Q268 665 277 664Q351 652 390 611T430 522Q430 470 396 421T302 350L299 348Q299 347 308 345T337 336T375 315Q457 262 457 175Q457 96 395 37T238 -22Q158 -22 100 21T42 130Q42 158 60 175T105 193Q133 193 151 175T169 130Q169 119 166 110T159 94T148 82T136 74T126 70T118 67L114 66Q165 21 238 21Q293 21 321 74Q338 107 338 175V195Q338 290 274 322Q259 328 213 329L171 330L168 332Q166 335 166 348Q166 366 174 366Q202 366 232 371Q266 376 294 413T322 525V533Q322 590 287 612Q265 626 240 626Q208 626 181 615T143 592T132 580H135Q138 579 143 578T153 573T165 566T175 555T183 540T186 520Q186 498 172 481T127 463Z" transform="translate(3000,0)"></path><path data-c="36" d="M42 313Q42 476 123 571T303 666Q372 666 402 630T432 550Q432 525 418 510T379 495Q356 495 341 509T326 548Q326 592 373 601Q351 623 311 626Q240 626 194 566Q147 500 147 364L148 360Q153 366 156 373Q197 433 263 433H267Q313 433 348 414Q372 400 396 374T435 317Q456 268 456 210V192Q456 169 451 149Q440 90 387 34T253 -22Q225 -22 199 -14T143 16T92 75T56 172T42 313ZM257 397Q227 397 205 380T171 335T154 278T148 216Q148 133 160 97T198 39Q222 21 251 21Q302 21 329 59Q342 77 347 104T352 209Q352 289 347 316T329 361Q302 397 257 397Z" transform="translate(3500,0)"></path><path data-c="34" d="M462 0Q444 3 333 3Q217 3 199 0H190V46H221Q241 46 248 46T265 48T279 53T286 61Q287 63 287 115V165H28V211L179 442Q332 674 334 675Q336 677 355 677H373L379 671V211H471V165H379V114Q379 73 379 66T385 54Q393 47 442 46H471V0H462ZM293 211V545L74 212L183 211H293Z" transform="translate(4000,0)"></path><path data-c="37" d="M55 458Q56 460 72 567L88 674Q88 676 108 676H128V672Q128 662 143 655T195 646T364 644H485V605L417 512Q408 500 387 472T360 435T339 403T319 367T305 330T292 284T284 230T278 162T275 80Q275 66 275 52T274 28V19Q270 2 255 -10T221 -22Q210 -22 200 -19T179 0T168 40Q168 198 265 368Q285 400 349 489L395 552H302Q128 552 119 546Q113 543 108 522T98 479L95 458V455H55V458Z" transform="translate(4500,0)"></path></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>0</code></td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>float</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">32-bit single-precision float</td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.05ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11.581ex" height="2.022ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -871.8 5118.7 893.8"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><path data-c="B1" d="M56 320T56 333T70 353H369V502Q369 651 371 655Q376 666 388 666Q402 666 405 654T409 596V500V353H707Q722 345 722 333Q722 320 707 313H409V40H707Q722 32 722 20T707 0H70Q56 7 56 20T70 40H369V313H70Q56 320 56 333Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(778,0)"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path><path data-c="2E" d="M78 60Q78 84 95 102T138 120Q162 120 180 104T199 61Q199 36 182 18T139 0T96 17T78 60Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path><path data-c="35" d="M164 157Q164 133 148 117T109 101H102Q148 22 224 22Q294 22 326 82Q345 115 345 210Q345 313 318 349Q292 382 260 382H254Q176 382 136 314Q132 307 129 306T114 304Q97 304 95 310Q93 314 93 485V614Q93 664 98 664Q100 666 102 666Q103 666 123 658T178 642T253 634Q324 634 389 662Q397 666 402 666Q410 666 410 648V635Q328 538 205 538Q174 538 149 544L139 546V374Q158 388 169 396T205 412T256 420Q337 420 393 355T449 201Q449 109 385 44T229 -22Q148 -22 99 32T50 154Q50 178 61 192T84 210T107 214Q132 214 148 197T164 157Z" transform="translate(778,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2278.2,0)"><path data-c="22C5" d="M78 250Q78 274 95 292T138 310Q162 310 180 294T199 251Q199 226 182 208T139 190T96 207T78 250Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(2778.4,0)"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" transform="translate(1033,393.1) scale(0.707)" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mo"><path data-c="2212" d="M84 237T84 250T98 270H679Q694 262 694 250T679 230H98Q84 237 84 250Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(778,0)"><path data-c="34" d="M462 0Q444 3 333 3Q217 3 199 0H190V46H221Q241 46 248 46T265 48T279 53T286 61Q287 63 287 115V165H28V211L179 442Q332 674 334 675Q336 677 355 677H373L379 671V211H471V165H379V114Q379 73 379 66T385 54Q393 47 442 46H471V0H462ZM293 211V545L74 212L183 211H293Z"></path><path data-c="35" d="M164 157Q164 133 148 117T109 101H102Q148 22 224 22Q294 22 326 82Q345 115 345 210Q345 313 318 349Q292 382 260 382H254Q176 382 136 314Q132 307 129 306T114 304Q97 304 95 310Q93 314 93 485V614Q93 664 98 664Q100 666 102 666Q103 666 123 658T178 642T253 634Q324 634 389 662Q397 666 402 666Q410 666 410 648V635Q328 538 205 538Q174 538 149 544L139 546V374Q158 388 169 396T205 412T256 420Q337 420 393 355T449 201Q449 109 385 44T229 -22Q148 -22 99 32T50 154Q50 178 61 192T84 210T107 214Q132 214 148 197T164 157Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path></g></g></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container> to <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.05ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10.336ex" height="2.005ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -864 4568.6 886"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><path data-c="B1" d="M56 320T56 333T70 353H369V502Q369 651 371 655Q376 666 388 666Q402 666 405 654T409 596V500V353H707Q722 345 722 333Q722 320 707 313H409V40H707Q722 32 722 20T707 0H70Q56 7 56 20T70 40H369V313H70Q56 320 56 333Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(778,0)"><path data-c="33" d="M127 463Q100 463 85 480T69 524Q69 579 117 622T233 665Q268 665 277 664Q351 652 390 611T430 522Q430 470 396 421T302 350L299 348Q299 347 308 345T337 336T375 315Q457 262 457 175Q457 96 395 37T238 -22Q158 -22 100 21T42 130Q42 158 60 175T105 193Q133 193 151 175T169 130Q169 119 166 110T159 94T148 82T136 74T126 70T118 67L114 66Q165 21 238 21Q293 21 321 74Q338 107 338 175V195Q338 290 274 322Q259 328 213 329L171 330L168 332Q166 335 166 348Q166 366 174 366Q202 366 232 371Q266 376 294 413T322 525V533Q322 590 287 612Q265 626 240 626Q208 626 181 615T143 592T132 580H135Q138 579 143 578T153 573T165 566T175 555T183 540T186 520Q186 498 172 481T127 463Z"></path><path data-c="2E" d="M78 60Q78 84 95 102T138 120Q162 120 180 104T199 61Q199 36 182 18T139 0T96 17T78 60Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path><path data-c="34" d="M462 0Q444 3 333 3Q217 3 199 0H190V46H221Q241 46 248 46T265 48T279 53T286 61Q287 63 287 115V165H28V211L179 442Q332 674 334 675Q336 677 355 677H373L379 671V211H471V165H379V114Q379 73 379 66T385 54Q393 47 442 46H471V0H462ZM293 211V545L74 212L183 211H293Z" transform="translate(778,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2278.2,0)"><path data-c="22C5" d="M78 250Q78 274 95 292T138 310Q162 310 180 294T199 251Q199 226 182 208T139 190T96 207T78 250Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(2778.4,0)"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" transform="translate(1033,393.1) scale(0.707)" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="33" d="M127 463Q100 463 85 480T69 524Q69 579 117 622T233 665Q268 665 277 664Q351 652 390 611T430 522Q430 470 396 421T302 350L299 348Q299 347 308 345T337 336T375 315Q457 262 457 175Q457 96 395 37T238 -22Q158 -22 100 21T42 130Q42 158 60 175T105 193Q133 193 151 175T169 130Q169 119 166 110T159 94T148 82T136 74T126 70T118 67L114 66Q165 21 238 21Q293 21 321 74Q338 107 338 175V195Q338 290 274 322Q259 328 213 329L171 330L168 332Q166 335 166 348Q166 366 174 366Q202 366 232 371Q266 376 294 413T322 525V533Q322 590 287 612Q265 626 240 626Q208 626 181 615T143 592T132 580H135Q138 579 143 578T153 573T165 566T175 555T183 540T186 520Q186 498 172 481T127 463Z"></path><path data-c="38" d="M70 417T70 494T124 618T248 666Q319 666 374 624T429 515Q429 485 418 459T392 417T361 389T335 371T324 363L338 354Q352 344 366 334T382 323Q457 264 457 174Q457 95 399 37T249 -22Q159 -22 101 29T43 155Q43 263 172 335L154 348Q133 361 127 368Q70 417 70 494ZM286 386L292 390Q298 394 301 396T311 403T323 413T334 425T345 438T355 454T364 471T369 491T371 513Q371 556 342 586T275 624Q268 625 242 625Q201 625 165 599T128 534Q128 511 141 492T167 463T217 431Q224 426 228 424L286 386ZM250 21Q308 21 350 55T392 137Q392 154 387 169T375 194T353 216T330 234T301 253T274 270Q260 279 244 289T218 306L210 311Q204 311 181 294T133 239T107 157Q107 98 150 60T250 21Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path></g></g></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container></td>
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<td style="text-align:left"><code>0.0F</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:left"><code>double</code></td>
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<td style="text-align:left">64-bit double-precision float</td>
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<td style="text-align:left"><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.05ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12.381ex" height="2.022ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -871.8 5472.2 893.8"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><path data-c="B1" d="M56 320T56 333T70 353H369V502Q369 651 371 655Q376 666 388 666Q402 666 405 654T409 596V500V353H707Q722 345 722 333Q722 320 707 313H409V40H707Q722 32 722 20T707 0H70Q56 7 56 20T70 40H369V313H70Q56 320 56 333Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(778,0)"><path data-c="35" d="M164 157Q164 133 148 117T109 101H102Q148 22 224 22Q294 22 326 82Q345 115 345 210Q345 313 318 349Q292 382 260 382H254Q176 382 136 314Q132 307 129 306T114 304Q97 304 95 310Q93 314 93 485V614Q93 664 98 664Q100 666 102 666Q103 666 123 658T178 642T253 634Q324 634 389 662Q397 666 402 666Q410 666 410 648V635Q328 538 205 538Q174 538 149 544L139 546V374Q158 388 169 396T205 412T256 420Q337 420 393 355T449 201Q449 109 385 44T229 -22Q148 -22 99 32T50 154Q50 178 61 192T84 210T107 214Q132 214 148 197T164 157Z"></path><path data-c="2E" d="M78 60Q78 84 95 102T138 120Q162 120 180 104T199 61Q199 36 182 18T139 0T96 17T78 60Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z" transform="translate(778,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2278.2,0)"><path data-c="22C5" d="M78 250Q78 274 95 292T138 310Q162 310 180 294T199 251Q199 226 182 208T139 190T96 207T78 250Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(2778.4,0)"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" transform="translate(1033,393.1) scale(0.707)" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mo"><path data-c="2212" d="M84 237T84 250T98 270H679Q694 262 694 250T679 230H98Q84 237 84 250Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(778,0)"><path data-c="33" d="M127 463Q100 463 85 480T69 524Q69 579 117 622T233 665Q268 665 277 664Q351 652 390 611T430 522Q430 470 396 421T302 350L299 348Q299 347 308 345T337 336T375 315Q457 262 457 175Q457 96 395 37T238 -22Q158 -22 100 21T42 130Q42 158 60 175T105 193Q133 193 151 175T169 130Q169 119 166 110T159 94T148 82T136 74T126 70T118 67L114 66Q165 21 238 21Q293 21 321 74Q338 107 338 175V195Q338 290 274 322Q259 328 213 329L171 330L168 332Q166 335 166 348Q166 366 174 366Q202 366 232 371Q266 376 294 413T322 525V533Q322 590 287 612Q265 626 240 626Q208 626 181 615T143 592T132 580H135Q138 579 143 578T153 573T165 566T175 555T183 540T186 520Q186 498 172 481T127 463Z"></path><path data-c="32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path><path data-c="34" d="M462 0Q444 3 333 3Q217 3 199 0H190V46H221Q241 46 248 46T265 48T279 53T286 61Q287 63 287 115V165H28V211L179 442Q332 674 334 675Q336 677 355 677H373L379 671V211H471V165H379V114Q379 73 379 66T385 54Q393 47 442 46H471V0H462ZM293 211V545L74 212L183 211H293Z" transform="translate(1000,0)"></path></g></g></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container> to <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.05ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11.136ex" height="2.005ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -864 4922.1 886"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><path data-c="B1" d="M56 320T56 333T70 353H369V502Q369 651 371 655Q376 666 388 666Q402 666 405 654T409 596V500V353H707Q722 345 722 333Q722 320 707 313H409V40H707Q722 32 722 20T707 0H70Q56 7 56 20T70 40H369V313H70Q56 320 56 333Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(778,0)"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path><path data-c="2E" d="M78 60Q78 84 95 102T138 120Q162 120 180 104T199 61Q199 36 182 18T139 0T96 17T78 60Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path><path data-c="37" d="M55 458Q56 460 72 567L88 674Q88 676 108 676H128V672Q128 662 143 655T195 646T364 644H485V605L417 512Q408 500 387 472T360 435T339 403T319 367T305 330T292 284T284 230T278 162T275 80Q275 66 275 52T274 28V19Q270 2 255 -10T221 -22Q210 -22 200 -19T179 0T168 40Q168 198 265 368Q285 400 349 489L395 552H302Q128 552 119 546Q113 543 108 522T98 479L95 458V455H55V458Z" transform="translate(778,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2278.2,0)"><path data-c="22C5" d="M78 250Q78 274 95 292T138 310Q162 310 180 294T199 251Q199 226 182 208T139 190T96 207T78 250Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(2778.4,0)"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" transform="translate(1033,393.1) scale(0.707)" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="33" d="M127 463Q100 463 85 480T69 524Q69 579 117 622T233 665Q268 665 277 664Q351 652 390 611T430 522Q430 470 396 421T302 350L299 348Q299 347 308 345T337 336T375 315Q457 262 457 175Q457 96 395 37T238 -22Q158 -22 100 21T42 130Q42 158 60 175T105 193Q133 193 151 175T169 130Q169 119 166 110T159 94T148 82T136 74T126 70T118 67L114 66Q165 21 238 21Q293 21 321 74Q338 107 338 175V195Q338 290 274 322Q259 328 213 329L171 330L168 332Q166 335 166 348Q166 366 174 366Q202 366 232 371Q266 376 294 413T322 525V533Q322 590 287 612Q265 626 240 626Q208 626 181 615T143 592T132 580H135Q138 579 143 578T153 573T165 566T175 555T183 540T186 520Q186 498 172 481T127 463Z"></path><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path><path data-c="38" d="M70 417T70 494T124 618T248 666Q319 666 374 624T429 515Q429 485 418 459T392 417T361 389T335 371T324 363L338 354Q352 344 366 334T382 323Q457 264 457 174Q457 95 399 37T249 -22Q159 -22 101 29T43 155Q43 263 172 335L154 348Q133 361 127 368Q70 417 70 494ZM286 386L292 390Q298 394 301 396T311 403T323 413T334 425T345 438T355 454T364 471T369 491T371 513Q371 556 342 586T275 624Q268 625 242 625Q201 625 165 599T128 534Q128 511 141 492T167 463T217 431Q224 426 228 424L286 386ZM250 21Q308 21 350 55T392 137Q392 154 387 169T375 194T353 216T330 234T301 253T274 270Q260 279 244 289T218 306L210 311Q204 311 181 294T133 239T107 157Q107 98 150 60T250 21Z" transform="translate(1000,0)"></path></g></g></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container></td>
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<td style="text-align:left"><code>0.0D</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:left"><code>decimal</code></td>
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<td style="text-align:left">128-bit precise decimal values</td>
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<td style="text-align:left"><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.05ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11.581ex" height="2.005ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -864 5118.7 886"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><path data-c="B1" d="M56 320T56 333T70 353H369V502Q369 651 371 655Q376 666 388 666Q402 666 405 654T409 596V500V353H707Q722 345 722 333Q722 320 707 313H409V40H707Q722 32 722 20T707 0H70Q56 7 56 20T70 40H369V313H70Q56 320 56 333Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(778,0)"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path><path data-c="2E" d="M78 60Q78 84 95 102T138 120Q162 120 180 104T199 61Q199 36 182 18T139 0T96 17T78 60Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z" transform="translate(778,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2278.2,0)"><path data-c="22C5" d="M78 250Q78 274 95 292T138 310Q162 310 180 294T199 251Q199 226 182 208T139 190T96 207T78 250Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(2778.4,0)"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" transform="translate(1033,393.1) scale(0.707)" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mo"><path data-c="2212" d="M84 237T84 250T98 270H679Q694 262 694 250T679 230H98Q84 237 84 250Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(778,0)"><path data-c="32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"></path><path data-c="38" d="M70 417T70 494T124 618T248 666Q319 666 374 624T429 515Q429 485 418 459T392 417T361 389T335 371T324 363L338 354Q352 344 366 334T382 323Q457 264 457 174Q457 95 399 37T249 -22Q159 -22 101 29T43 155Q43 263 172 335L154 348Q133 361 127 368Q70 417 70 494ZM286 386L292 390Q298 394 301 396T311 403T323 413T334 425T345 438T355 454T364 471T369 491T371 513Q371 556 342 586T275 624Q268 625 242 625Q201 625 165 599T128 534Q128 511 141 492T167 463T217 431Q224 426 228 424L286 386ZM250 21Q308 21 350 55T392 137Q392 154 387 169T375 194T353 216T330 234T301 253T274 270Q260 279 244 289T218 306L210 311Q204 311 181 294T133 239T107 157Q107 98 150 60T250 21Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path></g></g></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container> to <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.05ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13.73ex" height="2.005ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -864 6068.6 886"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><path data-c="B1" d="M56 320T56 333T70 353H369V502Q369 651 371 655Q376 666 388 666Q402 666 405 654T409 596V500V353H707Q722 345 722 333Q722 320 707 313H409V40H707Q722 32 722 20T707 0H70Q56 7 56 20T70 40H369V313H70Q56 320 56 333Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(778,0)"><path data-c="37" d="M55 458Q56 460 72 567L88 674Q88 676 108 676H128V672Q128 662 143 655T195 646T364 644H485V605L417 512Q408 500 387 472T360 435T339 403T319 367T305 330T292 284T284 230T278 162T275 80Q275 66 275 52T274 28V19Q270 2 255 -10T221 -22Q210 -22 200 -19T179 0T168 40Q168 198 265 368Q285 400 349 489L395 552H302Q128 552 119 546Q113 543 108 522T98 479L95 458V455H55V458Z"></path><path data-c="2E" d="M78 60Q78 84 95 102T138 120Q162 120 180 104T199 61Q199 36 182 18T139 0T96 17T78 60Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path><path data-c="39" d="M352 287Q304 211 232 211Q154 211 104 270T44 396Q42 412 42 436V444Q42 537 111 606Q171 666 243 666Q245 666 249 666T257 665H261Q273 665 286 663T323 651T370 619T413 560Q456 472 456 334Q456 194 396 97Q361 41 312 10T208 -22Q147 -22 108 7T68 93T121 149Q143 149 158 135T173 96Q173 78 164 65T148 49T135 44L131 43Q131 41 138 37T164 27T206 22H212Q272 22 313 86Q352 142 352 280V287ZM244 248Q292 248 321 297T351 430Q351 508 343 542Q341 552 337 562T323 588T293 615T246 625Q208 625 181 598Q160 576 154 546T147 441Q147 358 152 329T172 282Q197 248 244 248Z" transform="translate(778,0)"></path><path data-c="32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z" transform="translate(1278,0)"></path><path data-c="32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z" transform="translate(1778,0)"></path><path data-c="38" d="M70 417T70 494T124 618T248 666Q319 666 374 624T429 515Q429 485 418 459T392 417T361 389T335 371T324 363L338 354Q352 344 366 334T382 323Q457 264 457 174Q457 95 399 37T249 -22Q159 -22 101 29T43 155Q43 263 172 335L154 348Q133 361 127 368Q70 417 70 494ZM286 386L292 390Q298 394 301 396T311 403T323 413T334 425T345 438T355 454T364 471T369 491T371 513Q371 556 342 586T275 624Q268 625 242 625Q201 625 165 599T128 534Q128 511 141 492T167 463T217 431Q224 426 228 424L286 386ZM250 21Q308 21 350 55T392 137Q392 154 387 169T375 194T353 216T330 234T301 253T274 270Q260 279 244 289T218 306L210 311Q204 311 181 294T133 239T107 157Q107 98 150 60T250 21Z" transform="translate(2278,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3778.2,0)"><path data-c="22C5" d="M78 250Q78 274 95 292T138 310Q162 310 180 294T199 251Q199 226 182 208T139 190T96 207T78 250Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(4278.4,0)"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" transform="translate(1033,393.1) scale(0.707)" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"></path><path data-c="38" d="M70 417T70 494T124 618T248 666Q319 666 374 624T429 515Q429 485 418 459T392 417T361 389T335 371T324 363L338 354Q352 344 366 334T382 323Q457 264 457 174Q457 95 399 37T249 -22Q159 -22 101 29T43 155Q43 263 172 335L154 348Q133 361 127 368Q70 417 70 494ZM286 386L292 390Q298 394 301 396T311 403T323 413T334 425T345 438T355 454T364 471T369 491T371 513Q371 556 342 586T275 624Q268 625 242 625Q201 625 165 599T128 534Q128 511 141 492T167 463T217 431Q224 426 228 424L286 386ZM250 21Q308 21 350 55T392 137Q392 154 387 169T375 194T353 216T330 234T301 253T274 270Q260 279 244 289T218 306L210 311Q204 311 181 294T133 239T107 157Q107 98 150 60T250 21Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path></g></g></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>0.0M</code></td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>char</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">16-bit Unicode character</td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>U+0000</code> to <code>U+ffff</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>\0</code></td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>byte</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">8-bit unsigned integer</td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.05ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.131ex" height="1.557ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 500 688"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z"></path></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container> to <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.05ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="3.394ex" height="1.557ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 1500 688"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"></path><path data-c="35" d="M164 157Q164 133 148 117T109 101H102Q148 22 224 22Q294 22 326 82Q345 115 345 210Q345 313 318 349Q292 382 260 382H254Q176 382 136 314Q132 307 129 306T114 304Q97 304 95 310Q93 314 93 485V614Q93 664 98 664Q100 666 102 666Q103 666 123 658T178 642T253 634Q324 634 389 662Q397 666 402 666Q410 666 410 648V635Q328 538 205 538Q174 538 149 544L139 546V374Q158 388 169 396T205 412T256 420Q337 420 393 355T449 201Q449 109 385 44T229 -22Q148 -22 99 32T50 154Q50 178 61 192T84 210T107 214Q132 214 148 197T164 157Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path><path data-c="35" d="M164 157Q164 133 148 117T109 101H102Q148 22 224 22Q294 22 326 82Q345 115 345 210Q345 313 318 349Q292 382 260 382H254Q176 382 136 314Q132 307 129 306T114 304Q97 304 95 310Q93 314 93 485V614Q93 664 98 664Q100 666 102 666Q103 666 123 658T178 642T253 634Q324 634 389 662Q397 666 402 666Q410 666 410 648V635Q328 538 205 538Q174 538 149 544L139 546V374Q158 388 169 396T205 412T256 420Q337 420 393 355T449 201Q449 109 385 44T229 -22Q148 -22 99 32T50 154Q50 178 61 192T84 210T107 214Q132 214 148 197T164 157Z" transform="translate(1000,0)"></path></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>0</code></td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
<p>More types listed in the <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/builtin-types/built-in-types">C# reference</a>!</p>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="11" data-marpit-fragments="1" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="11" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h3 id="data-type-examples">Data type examples</h3>
|
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">double</span> airPressure = <span class="hljs-number">1.2</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// Use for most decimal numbers</span>
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">decimal</span> accountBalance = <span class="hljs-number">1.2</span>m; <span class="hljs-comment">// Use for accuracy (e.g. financial applications)</span>
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> bulletSpeed = <span class="hljs-number">1.2f</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// Use only when you know its precision will be enough</span>
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">bool</span> loggedIn = <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;
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|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">char</span> previousInput = <span class="hljs-string">'b'</span>;
|
|
|
</code></pre>
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|
|
<ul>
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|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><code>char</code> is only used for single characters, multi-character <em><strong>strings</strong></em> will be introduced in a bit.</li>
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|
|
</ul>
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|
|
</section>
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|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="12" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="extra invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="extra invert" data-marpit-pagination="12" style="--paginate:true;--class:extra invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h2 id="extra-casting-data-types">Extra: Casting data types</h2>
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|
|
<p>Data types can be <em><strong>cast</strong></em> to another either...</p>
|
|
|
<div class='columns' style="grid-template-columns: 2.5fr 3fr;" markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<p>...implicitly:</p>
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|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">double</span> valueAddedTax = <span class="hljs-number">25.5</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">decimal</span> valueAddedTaxDecimal = valueAddedTax;
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<p>...explicitly:</p>
|
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">double</span> valueAddedTax = <span class="hljs-number">25.5</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">decimal</span> valueAddedTaxDecimal = (<span class="hljs-built_in">decimal</span>)valueAddedTax;
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Casting is useful when, for example, when we want to sum a <code>double</code> and a <code>decimal</code> together:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">double</span> a = <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">decimal</span> b = <span class="hljs-number">2.1</span>m;
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine(a + (<span class="hljs-built_in">double</span>)b);
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine((<span class="hljs-built_in">decimal</span>)a + b);
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2"><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/types/casting-and-type-conversions">C# Guide: Casting and type conversions</a></li>
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|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="13" data-paginate="true" data-class="exercise invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="exercise invert" data-marpit-pagination="13" style="--paginate:true;--class:exercise invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h2 id="assignments-variables">Assignments (variables)</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><a href="https://gitea.buutti.com/education/academy-assignments/src/branch/master/C%23%20Basics/2.1.%20Variables%20&%20Types">Assignments about this topic can be found here</a></p>
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|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="14" data-paginate="true" data-class="exercise invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="exercise invert" data-marpit-pagination="14" style="--paginate:true;--class:exercise invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
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<h2 id="assignments-data-types">Assignments (data types)</h2>
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|
|
|
|
<p><a href="https://gitea.buutti.com/education/academy-assignments/src/branch/master/C%23%20Basics/2.2.%20Data%20Types">Assignments about this topic can be found here</a></p>
|
|
|
</section>
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|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="15" data-marpit-fragments="7" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="15" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h2 id="arithmetic-operations">Arithmetic operations?</h2>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><em><strong>Arithmetic operations</strong></em> are common mathematical operations:
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Addition</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Subtraction</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">Multiplication</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="5">Division</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="6">Modulus (remainder, in Finnish <em>jakojäännös</em>)</li>
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|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="7">The operations are represented by <strong><em>arithmetic operators</em></strong></li>
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|
|
</ul>
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|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="16" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="16" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h2 id="arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic Operators</h2>
|
|
|
<table>
|
|
|
<thead>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<th style="text-align:left">Operator</th>
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|
|
<th style="text-align:left">Name</th>
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|
|
<th style="text-align:left">Example</th>
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|
|
<th style="text-align:left">Description</th>
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|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
</thead>
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>+</code></td>
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|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Addition</td>
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|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>a + b</code></td>
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|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Adds together two values</td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>-</code></td>
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|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Subtraction</td>
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|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>a - b</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Subtracts one value from another</td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>*</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Multiplication</td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>a * b</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Multiplies two values</td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>/</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Division</td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>a / b</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Divides one value by another</td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>%</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Modulus</td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>a % b</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Returns the division remainder</td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>++</code></td>
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|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Increment</td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>a++</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Increases the value by 1</td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>--</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Decrement</td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>a–-</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Decreases the value by 1</td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="17" data-marpit-fragments="3" data-paginate="true" data-class="exercise invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="exercise invert" data-marpit-pagination="17" style="--paginate:true;--class:exercise invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h2 id="exercise-1-trying-out-variables">Exercise 1: Trying Out Variables</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Create a new console application and declare two variables of type <code>double</code>.</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Assign different values for those variables.</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Print the sum, difference, fraction and product of those values to the console.</li>
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="18" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="18" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h2 id="the-assignment-operator">The assignment operator</h2>
|
|
|
<p>We have used the assignment operator <code>=</code> for assigning values for variables:</p>
|
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> x;
|
|
|
x = <span class="hljs-number">25</span>;
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><em><strong>Note</strong></em> the difference between <code>=</code> and <code>==</code> introduced in <a href="3-conditionals#comparison-operators">Lecture 3</a>!
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2"><code>=</code> is used for assigning values for variables, <code>==</code> is used for <em><strong>comparing</strong></em> values</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="19" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="19" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h3 id="assignment-operators">Assignment operators</h3>
|
|
|
<div class='columns' markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<table>
|
|
|
<thead>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<th style="text-align:left">Operator</th>
|
|
|
<th style="text-align:left">Example</th>
|
|
|
<th style="text-align:left">Same As</th>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
</thead>
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>=</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>x = 5</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>x = 5</code></td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>+=</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>x += 5</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>x = x + 5</code></td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>-=</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>x -= 5</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>x = x - 5</code></td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>*=</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>x *= 5</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>x = x * 5</code></td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>/=</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>x /= 5</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>x = x / 5</code></td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>%=</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>x %= 5</code></td>
|
|
|
<td style="text-align:left"><code>x = x % 5</code></td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">As shown here, there are some assignment operators that work as <em><strong>shorthands</strong></em> for longer assignments</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Particularly useful when the variable name is longer, so you don't have to write it twice when its value is changed</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="20" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="20" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h3 id="assignment-operators-an-example">Assignment operators: An example</h3>
|
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> uppercaseLetters = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>;
|
|
|
uppercaseLetters += <span class="hljs-number">4</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// is now 6</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> specialCharacters = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>;
|
|
|
specialCharacters *= <span class="hljs-number">2</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// is now 4</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine(uppercaseLetters);
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine(specialCharacters);
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="21" data-marpit-fragments="5" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="21" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h3 id="increment-and-decrement-operations">Increment and decrement operations</h3>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">You can increment or decrement a variable value by 1 with dedicated short-hands
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Most programming languages implement these!</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<div class='columns' markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Addition example:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> a = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
a = a + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// a is now 4</span>
|
|
|
a += <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// a is now 5</span>
|
|
|
a++; <span class="hljs-comment">// a is now 6</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">Subtraction example:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> a = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
a = a - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// a is now 2</span>
|
|
|
a -= <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// a is now 1</span>
|
|
|
a--; <span class="hljs-comment">// a is now 0</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="5"><code>++</code> and <code>--</code> are called the <em><strong>increment and decrement operators</strong></em></li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="22" data-marpit-fragments="3" data-paginate="true" data-class="extra invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="extra invert" data-marpit-pagination="22" style="--paginate:true;--class:extra invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h3 id="extra-incrementdecrement-operation-precedence">Extra: Increment/decrement operation precedence</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Note that incrementing can be written as <em><strong>prefix</strong></em> (<code>++i</code>) or a <em><strong>postfix</strong></em> (<code>i++</code>)</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">In this example, <code>a++</code> and <code>++a</code> do exactly the same:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> a = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>;
|
|
|
a++; <span class="hljs-comment">// a is now 4</span>
|
|
|
++a; <span class="hljs-comment">// a is now 5</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Their exact difference is <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3346450/what-is-the-difference-between-i-and-i-in-c">complicated</a>, and in some cases, using either prefix or postfix form can produce different results:</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<div class='columns' markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> a = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> b = ++a;
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine(b); <span class="hljs-comment">// 4</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>Assignment of <code>b</code> happens after <code>++</code>,<br />
|
|
|
so its value is 4</p>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> a = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> b = a++;
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine(b); <span class="hljs-comment">// 3</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>Assignment of <code>b</code> happens before <code>++</code>,<br />
|
|
|
so its value is 3</p>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="23" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="23" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h2 id="strings">Strings</h2>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><code>string</code> is a special type that contains an array of characters.<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> name = <span class="hljs-string">"Sini Aalto"</span>;
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">You can <em><strong>concatenate</strong></em> (i.e., combine) multiple strings with the <code>+</code> operator:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> firstName = <span class="hljs-string">"Sini"</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> lastName = <span class="hljs-string">"Aalto"</span>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> fullName = firstName + <span class="hljs-string">" "</span> + lastName;
|
|
|
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine(fullName); <span class="hljs-comment">// Outputs "Sini Aalto"</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="24" data-marpit-fragments="3" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="24" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h3 id="character-constants">Character Constants</h3>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Character constants are preceded by a backslash <code>\</code> and can be used for formatting strings</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2"><code>\n</code> represents a <em><strong>newline</strong></em><pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> firstName = <span class="hljs-string">"Johannes"</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> lastName = <span class="hljs-string">"Kantola"</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> fullName = firstName + <span class="hljs-string">"\n"</span> + lastName;
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine(fullName);
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">/* This outputs
|
|
|
Johannes
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kantola
|
|
|
*/</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">All character constants are listed <a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/csharp/csharp_constants.htm">here</a></li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="25" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="25" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h3 id="string-interpolation">String Interpolation</h3>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Concatenating multiple variables into one string with the <code>+</code> operator quickly becomes tedious</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">It's much easier to use <em><strong>string interpolation</strong></em> by prefixing your target string with <code>$</code> and inserting the variables inside curly brackets <code>{ }</code>:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> animal = <span class="hljs-string">"Dog"</span>;
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> sound = <span class="hljs-string">"Woof"</span>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">$"<span class="hljs-subst">{animal}</span> says <span class="hljs-subst">{sound}</span>!"</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Outputs "Dog says Woof!"</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="26" data-marpit-fragments="3" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="26" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
|
|
<h3 id="string-formatting">String Formatting</h3>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">You can add <em><strong>format strings</strong></em> to change the way variables are interpolated into a string</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Add the format string after your variable, separated by a colon (:)</li>
|
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">You can find an overview of format strings and a handy list of both standard and custom strings <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/base-types/formatting-types">here</a><pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">double</span> pi = <span class="hljs-number">3.141592653</span>;
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">$"Pi to three digits: <span class="hljs-subst">{pi:G3}</span>"</span>);
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Outputs "Pi to three digits: 3.14"</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="27" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="27" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
|
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|
<h2 id="user-input-with-consolereadline">User input with <code>Console.ReadLine()</code></h2>
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<div class='columns21' markdown='1'>
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<div markdown='1'>
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<ul>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="1">For the next exercise, you'll need the <code>Console.ReadLine()</code> method</li>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="2">The method pauses the program, waits for an input stream from the console that pops up, and returns the value of the input:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> userInput = Console.ReadLine();
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Console.WriteLine(userInput);
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div markdown='1'>
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<p><img src="imgs/2%20Variables%20and%20Types_1.png" alt="" style="width:200px;" /></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="28" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="exercise invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="exercise invert" data-marpit-pagination="28" style="--paginate:true;--class:exercise invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
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<h2 id="exercise-2-weekday-survey">Exercise 2: Weekday survey</h2>
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<ol>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Create a console application that asks the user which weekday it is and assigns the answer to a string variable.</li>
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<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Print <code>Have a nice <weekday></code> to the console where <code><weekday></code> is replaced with the string the user wrote.</li>
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</ol>
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</section>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="29" data-paginate="true" data-class="exercise invert" data-heading-divider="5" data-theme="oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl" lang="en-US" class="exercise invert" data-marpit-pagination="29" style="--paginate:true;--class:exercise invert;--heading-divider:5;--theme:oycqwo2imspp4a3ntzxl6ko6u92i15xqrdqfd7tfo1gl;" data-marpit-pagination-total="29">
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<h2 id="assignments-arithmetic-operations">Assignments (arithmetic operations)</h2>
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<p><a href="https://gitea.buutti.com/education/academy-assignments/src/branch/master/C%23%20Basics/2.3.%20Arithmetic%20Operations">Assignments about this topic can be found here</a></p>
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</section>
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