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317 lines
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317 lines
128 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>14. Exceptions, Threads and Tasks</title><meta property="og:title" content="14. 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mjx-container[jax=SVG][display=true][width=full]{display:flex}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG][justify=left]{text-align:left}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG][justify=right]{text-align:right}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=merror]>g{fill:red;stroke:red}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=merror]>rect[data-background]{fill:yellow;stroke:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>line[data-line],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section svg[data-table]>g>line[data-line]{stroke-width:70px;fill:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>rect[data-frame],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section svg[data-table]>g>rect[data-frame]{stroke-width:70px;fill:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>.mjx-dashed,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section svg[data-table]>g>.mjx-dashed{stroke-dasharray:140}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>.mjx-dotted,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section svg[data-table]>g>.mjx-dotted{stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:0,140}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>g>svg{overflow:visible}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [jax=SVG] mjx-tool{display:inline-block;position:relative;width:0;height:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [jax=SVG] mjx-tool>mjx-tip{position:absolute;top:0;left:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-tool>mjx-tip{display:inline-block;padding:.2em;border:1px solid #888;font-size:70%;background-color:#F8F8F8;color:black;box-shadow:2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=maction][data-toggle]{cursor:pointer}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-status{display:block;position:fixed;left:1em;bottom:1em;min-width:25%;padding:.2em .4em;border:1px solid #888;font-size:90%;background-color:#F8F8F8;color:black}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section 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/*!
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* Marp default theme.
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*
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* @theme default
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* @author Yuki Hattori
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*
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* @auto-scaling true
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* @size 16:9 1280px 720px
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* @size 4:3 960px 720px
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*/div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [data-theme=light]{--color-prettylights-syntax-comment:#6e7781;--color-prettylights-syntax-constant:#0550ae;--color-prettylights-syntax-entity:#6639ba;--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import:#24292f;--color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag:#116329;--color-prettylights-syntax-keyword:#cf222e;--color-prettylights-syntax-string:#0a3069;--color-prettylights-syntax-variable:#953800;--color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-unmatched:#82071e;--color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-text:#f6f8fa;--color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-bg:#82071e;--color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-text:#f6f8fa;--color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-bg:#cf222e;--color-prettylights-syntax-string-regexp:#116329;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-list:#3b2300;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-heading:#0550ae;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-italic:#24292f;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold:#24292f;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text:#82071e;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg:#ffebe9;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text:#116329;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg:#dafbe1;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-text:#953800;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-bg:#ffd8b5;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-text:#eaeef2;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-bg:#0550ae;--color-prettylights-syntax-meta-diff-range:#8250df;--color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-angle:#57606a;--color-prettylights-syntax-sublimelinter-gutter-mark:#8c959f;--color-prettylights-syntax-constant-other-reference-link:#0a3069;--color-fg-default:#1f2328;--color-fg-muted:#656d76;--color-fg-subtle:#6e7781;--color-canvas-default:#fff;--color-canvas-subtle:#f6f8fa;--color-border-default:#d0d7de;--color-border-muted:#d8dee4;--color-neutral-muted:rgba(175,184,193,.2);--color-accent-fg:#0969da;--color-accent-emphasis:#0969da;--color-attention-subtle:#fff8c5;--color-danger-fg:#d1242f;color-scheme:light}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [data-theme=dark],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:where(.invert){--color-prettylights-syntax-comment:#8b949e;--color-prettylights-syntax-constant:#79c0ff;--color-prettylights-syntax-entity:#d2a8ff;--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import:#c9d1d9;--color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag:#7ee787;--color-prettylights-syntax-keyword:#ff7b72;--color-prettylights-syntax-string:#a5d6ff;--color-prettylights-syntax-variable:#ffa657;--color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-unmatched:#f85149;--color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-text:#f0f6fc;--color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-bg:#8e1519;--color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-text:#f0f6fc;--color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-bg:#b62324;--color-prettylights-syntax-string-regexp:#7ee787;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-list:#f2cc60;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-heading:#1f6feb;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-italic:#c9d1d9;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold:#c9d1d9;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text:#ffdcd7;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg:#67060c;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text:#aff5b4;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg:#033a16;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-text:#ffdfb6;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-bg:#5a1e02;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-text:#c9d1d9;--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-bg:#1158c7;--color-prettylights-syntax-meta-diff-range:#d2a8ff;--color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-angle:#8b949e;--color-prettylights-syntax-sublimelinter-gutter-mark:#484f58;--color-prettylights-syntax-constant-other-reference-link:#a5d6ff;--color-fg-default:#e6edf3;--color-fg-muted:#7d8590;--color-fg-subtle:#6e7681;--color-canvas-default:#0d1117;--color-canvas-subtle:#161b22;--color-border-default:#30363d;--color-border-muted:#21262d;--color-neutral-muted:hsla(215,8%,47%,.4);--color-accent-fg:#2f81f7;--color-accent-emphasis:#1f6feb;--color-attention-subtle:rgba(187,128,9,.15);--color-danger-fg:#f85149;color-scheme:dark}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;word-wrap:break-word;background-color:var(--color-canvas-default);color:var(--color-fg-default);font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe 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.pl-sg{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-sublimelinter-gutter-mark)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-corl{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant-other-reference-link);text-decoration:underline}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g-emoji{display:inline-block;font-family:Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol;font-size:1em;font-style:normal!important;font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-normal,400);line-height:1;min-width:1ch;vertical-align:-.075em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g-emoji img{height:1em;width:1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item{list-style-type:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item label{font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-normal,400)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item.enabled label{cursor:pointer}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item+.task-list-item{margin-top:4px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item .handle{display:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item-checkbox{margin:0 .2em .25em -1.4em;vertical-align:middle}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list:dir(rtl) .task-list-item-checkbox{margin:0 -1.6em .25em .2em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list{position:relative}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list:focus-within .task-list-item-convert-container,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list:hover .task-list-item-convert-container{clip:auto;display:block;height:24px;overflow:visible;width:auto}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ::-webkit-calendar-picker-indicator{filter:invert(50%)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1){color:var(--h1-color);font-size:1.6em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2){border-bottom:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2){font-size:1.3em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3){font-size:1.1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4){font-size:1.05em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5){font-size:1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6){font-size:.9em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6) strong{color:var(--heading-strong-color);font-weight:inherit}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6)::part(auto-scaling){max-height:563px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section hr{height:0;padding-top:.25em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre){border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);line-height:1.15;overflow:visible}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre)::part(auto-scaling){max-height:529px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-doctag),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-keyword),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta .hljs-keyword),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-template-tag),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-template-variable),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-type),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-variable.language_){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-keyword)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.class_),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.class_.inherited__),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.function_){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-attr),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-attribute),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-literal),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-number),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-operator),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-attr),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-class),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-id),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-variable){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta .hljs-string),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-regexp),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-string){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-string)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-built_in),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-symbol){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-variable)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-code),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-comment),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-formula){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-comment)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-name),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-quote),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-pseudo),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-tag){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-subst){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-section){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-heading);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-bullet){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-list)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-emphasis){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-italic);font-style:italic}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-strong){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-addition){background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-deletion){background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section footer,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section header{color:var(--header-footer-color);font-size:18px;left:30px;margin:0;position:absolute}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section header{top:21px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section footer{bottom:21px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{--h1-color:#246;--header-footer-color:hsla(0,0%,40%,.75);--heading-strong-color:#48c;--paginate-color:#777;align-items:stretch;display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;font-size:29px;height:720px;justify-content:center;padding:78.5px;width:1280px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{--marpit-root-font-size:29px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:where(.invert){--h1-color:#cee7ff;--header-footer-color:hsla(0,0%,60%,.75);--heading-strong-color:#7bf;--paginate-color:#999}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:last-child,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-footer]>:nth-last-child(2){margin-bottom:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:first-child,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>header:first-child+*{margin-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after{bottom:21px;color:var(--paginate-color);font-size:24px;padding:0;position:absolute;right:30px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after{--marpit-root-font-size:24px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h2,marp-h2),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h3,marp-h3),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h4,marp-h4),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h5,marp-h5),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h6,marp-h6){color:currentcolor}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]{columns:initial!important;display:block!important;padding:0!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]:after,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]:before,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content]:after,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content]:before{display:none!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{all:initial;display:flex;flex-direction:row;height:100%;overflow:hidden;width:100%}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container][data-marpit-advanced-background-direction=vertical]{flex-direction:column}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background][data-marpit-advanced-background-split]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{width:var(--marpit-advanced-background-split,50%)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background][data-marpit-advanced-background-split=right]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{margin-left:calc(100% - var(--marpit-advanced-background-split, 50%))}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]>figure{all:initial;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;flex:auto;margin:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]>figure>figcaption{position:absolute;border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo]{background:transparent!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo],div#\:\$p>svg[data-marpit-svg]>foreignObject[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo]{pointer-events:none!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background-split]{width:100%;height:100%}</style></head><body><div class="bespoke-marp-osc"><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="prev" tabindex="-1" title="Previous slide">Previous slide</button><span data-bespoke-marp-osc="page"></span><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="next" tabindex="-1" title="Next slide">Next slide</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="fullscreen" tabindex="-1" title="Toggle fullscreen (f)">Toggle fullscreen</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="presenter" tabindex="-1" title="Open presenter view (p)">Open presenter view</button></div><div id=":$p"><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="1" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="1" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
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<h1 id="exceptions-threads-and-tasks">Exceptions, Threads and Tasks</h1>
|
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</section>
|
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="2" data-marpit-fragments="4" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="2" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
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<h2 id="exceptions">Exceptions</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Exceptions are problems that occur during the lifetime of the program</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Typical exceptions are <code>IndexOutOfRangeException</code> and <code>NullReferenceException</code>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="3"><code>IndexOutOfRangeException</code> occurs when trying to access an element of an object using an index greater than the number of elements in that object</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="4"><code>NullReferenceException</code> occurs when trying to reference a variable that has not been assigned a value</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="3" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="3" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h2 id="checking-for-exceptions">Checking for exceptions</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">There should be some kind of system to check for these problems so that even if they do occur, the application does not crash
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">For example, if a user tries to read from a file that does not exist, the user should be given an informative error message instead of closing the application</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<div class='tableborderless'>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="❌" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/274c.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></th>
|
|
<th><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="✅" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/2705.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><img src="imgs/14%20Exceptions%2C%20Threads%20and%20Tasks_2.png" alt="" style="width:550px;" /></td>
|
|
<td><img src="imgs/14%20Exceptions%2C%20Threads%20and%20Tasks_1.png" alt="" style="width:550px;" /></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="4" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="4" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h2 id="try-catch">Try-catch</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">
|
|
<p>Wrap the code that could result in an exception in a <em><strong>try</strong></em> block</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">
|
|
<p>Wrap the code that should execute if an exception occurs in a <em><strong>catch</strong></em> block</p>
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> path = <span class="hljs-string">@"C:\\Users\\Public\\TestFolder\\WriteText.txt"</span>;
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span>
|
|
{
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> text = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(path);
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span>(DirectoryNotFoundException e)
|
|
{
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">$"The path <span class="hljs-subst">{path}</span> does not exist."</span>);
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="5" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="5" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h2 id="throw">Throw</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">
|
|
<p>The <em><strong>throw</strong></em> keyword results in the exception that is caught in the catch block</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">
|
|
<p>Can be used to execute some code before stopping the execution of the program</p>
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> path = <span class="hljs-string">@"C:\\Users\\Public\\TestFolder\\WriteText.txt"</span>;
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span>
|
|
{
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> text = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(path);
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (IOException e)
|
|
{
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">"An exception occurred."</span>);
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">"Logging exception information..."</span>);
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">$"Exception: <span class="hljs-subst">{e.Message}</span>"</span>);
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span>;
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="6" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="6" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h2 id="finally">Finally</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">
|
|
<p><em><strong>finally</strong></em> block executes after a try-catch regardless of whether an exception occurred or not</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">
|
|
<p>Useful for closing unmanaged objects like database connections or file streams</p>
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-keyword">try</span>
|
|
{
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Open a database connection or file stream</span>
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (SystemException e)
|
|
{
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Do this if connection / stream fails</span>
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span>
|
|
{
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Release the unmanaged resources from memory</span>
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="7" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-background-color="#29366f" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="7" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--background-color:#29366f;--heading-divider:5;background-color:#29366f;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h2 id="exercise-1-debugging-exceptions">Exercise 1: Debugging Exceptions</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>Create a savings calculator which asks the user for a target amount of money the user is aiming for (in integers), and the users monthly salary. For parsing, use the int.Parse() method instead of int.TryParse().</p>
|
|
<p>The program then calculates the number of months it will take the user to reach the goal.</p>
|
|
<p>After displaying the result, the user is then asked for a path to a _folder _ where the result is then saved as <em>months_until_target.txt.</em></p>
|
|
<p>Try your program with different user inputs. Try to intentionally break your program and find as many exceptions as you can.</p>
|
|
<p>Handle the exceptions with exception handling, and inform the user of each exception with an appropriate message.</p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="8" data-marpit-fragments="9" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="8" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h2 id="threads">Threads</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">You might have time consuming functionality in your program, like...
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">heavy algorithms and mathematical calculations</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">reading a large amount of data from a file</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">You could also have some continuous stream of data being read, like...
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="5">serial signal</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="6">In case of time consuming methods, it might be a bad idea to wait for the execution to finish before continuing the main program
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="7">This would show up to the user as the program being stuck</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="8">At the very least, there could be some progress bar to indicate that the program hasn't crashed</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="9">In the case of continuous execution, there needs to be some way to read the stream and execute the main program at the same time</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="9" data-marpit-fragments="4" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="9" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h2 id="threads-continued">Threads (continued)</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">.NET supports <em><strong>multithreading</strong></em> and classes to add new threads are included in the base class library<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-keyword">using</span> System.Threading;
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Separate tasks can be executed simultaneously on separate <em><strong>threads</strong></em></li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Separate threads run on different cores in the processor</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">All threads have access to the resources allocated to your program</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="10" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="10" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">
|
|
<p>Initialize a <code>ThreadStart</code> object with the method to be threaded as the argument:</p>
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">PrintInteger</span>()
|
|
...
|
|
ThreadStart printIntegerStart</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ThreadStart(PrintInteger);
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">
|
|
<p>Initialize a <code>Thread</code> object with the <code>ThreadStart</code> object set as the argument, and start the new thread with <code>Thread.Start()</code> method:</p>
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp">Thread printIntegerThread = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Thread(printIntegerStart);
|
|
printIntegerThread.Start();
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="11" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="11" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h2 id="thread-example">Thread example</h2>
|
|
<div class='columns21' markdown='1'>
|
|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Program</span>
|
|
{
|
|
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">PrintInteger</span>()</span>
|
|
{
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">"Thread started."</span>);
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> val = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>)
|
|
{
|
|
Thread.Sleep(<span class="hljs-number">100</span>);
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">"Current value: "</span> + val);
|
|
++val;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">Main</span>(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>[] args</span>)</span>
|
|
{
|
|
ThreadStart printIntegerStart = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ThreadStart(PrintInteger);
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">"Starting thread..."</span>);
|
|
Thread printIntegerThread = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Thread(printIntegerStart);
|
|
printIntegerThread.Start();
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">"Main thread continuing."</span>);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
<p>The method prints a value, waits for <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.05ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="4.161ex" height="1.557ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 1839 688"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z"></path><path data-c="2E" d="M78 60Q78 84 95 102T138 120Q162 120 180 104T199 61Q199 36 182 18T139 0T96 17T78 60Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z" transform="translate(778,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mstyle" transform="translate(1278,0)"><g data-mml-node="mspace"></g></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD" transform="translate(1445,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="73" d="M295 316Q295 356 268 385T190 414Q154 414 128 401Q98 382 98 349Q97 344 98 336T114 312T157 287Q175 282 201 278T245 269T277 256Q294 248 310 236T342 195T359 133Q359 71 321 31T198 -10H190Q138 -10 94 26L86 19L77 10Q71 4 65 -1L54 -11H46H42Q39 -11 33 -5V74V132Q33 153 35 157T45 162H54Q66 162 70 158T75 146T82 119T101 77Q136 26 198 26Q295 26 295 104Q295 133 277 151Q257 175 194 187T111 210Q75 227 54 256T33 318Q33 357 50 384T93 424T143 442T187 447H198Q238 447 268 432L283 424L292 431Q302 440 314 448H322H326Q329 448 335 442V310L329 304H301Q295 310 295 316Z"></path></g></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container>, increases the value, prints it again, etc.</p>
|
|
<p>The method keeps executing indefinitely, but the main thread continues execution as well!</p>
|
|
<p><img src="imgs/14%20Exceptions%2C%20Threads%20and%20Tasks_3.png" alt="" /></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="12" data-marpit-fragments="1" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="12" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h2 id="threads-continued-1">Threads (continued)</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">
|
|
<p>You can create as many threads as you like:</p>
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp">ThreadStart printIntegerStart = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ThreadStart(PrintInteger);
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">"Starting thread..."</span>);
|
|
|
|
Thread printIntegerThread = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Thread(printIntegerStart);
|
|
printIntegerThread.Start();
|
|
|
|
Thread printIntegerThread2 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Thread(printIntegerStart);
|
|
printIntegerThread2.Start();
|
|
|
|
Thread printIntegerThread3 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Thread(printIntegerStart);
|
|
printIntegerThread3.Start();
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="13" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-background-color="#29366f" data-footer="Näytä ekstrana, miten tämä tehdään käyttäen luokan metodia eri luokan arvoilla" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="13" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--background-color:#29366f;--footer:Näytä ekstrana, miten tämä tehdään käyttäen luokan metodia eri luokan arvoilla;--heading-divider:5;background-color:#29366f;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h2 id="exercise-2-threaded-loading">Exercise 2: Threaded Loading</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>Create a method <code>public static void LoadData()</code> which simulates loading resources by printing progress from <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.127ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="3.016ex" height="1.824ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 1333 806"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(500,0)"><path data-c="25" d="M465 605Q428 605 394 614T340 632T319 641Q332 608 332 548Q332 458 293 403T202 347Q145 347 101 402T56 548Q56 637 101 693T202 750Q241 750 272 719Q359 642 464 642Q580 642 650 732Q662 748 668 749Q670 750 673 750Q682 750 688 743T693 726Q178 -47 170 -52Q166 -56 160 -56Q147 -56 142 -45Q137 -36 142 -27Q143 -24 363 304Q469 462 525 546T581 630Q528 605 465 605ZM207 385Q235 385 263 427T292 548Q292 617 267 664T200 712Q193 712 186 709T167 698T147 668T134 615Q132 595 132 548V527Q132 436 165 403Q183 385 203 385H207ZM500 146Q500 234 544 290T647 347Q699 347 737 292T776 146T737 0T646 -56Q590 -56 545 0T500 146ZM651 -18Q679 -18 707 24T736 146Q736 215 711 262T644 309Q637 309 630 306T611 295T591 265T578 212Q577 200 577 146V124Q577 -18 647 -18H651Z"></path></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container> to <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.127ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="5.278ex" height="1.824ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 2333 806"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z" transform="translate(1000,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1500,0)"><path data-c="25" d="M465 605Q428 605 394 614T340 632T319 641Q332 608 332 548Q332 458 293 403T202 347Q145 347 101 402T56 548Q56 637 101 693T202 750Q241 750 272 719Q359 642 464 642Q580 642 650 732Q662 748 668 749Q670 750 673 750Q682 750 688 743T693 726Q178 -47 170 -52Q166 -56 160 -56Q147 -56 142 -45Q137 -36 142 -27Q143 -24 363 304Q469 462 525 546T581 630Q528 605 465 605ZM207 385Q235 385 263 427T292 548Q292 617 267 664T200 712Q193 712 186 709T167 698T147 668T134 615Q132 595 132 548V527Q132 436 165 403Q183 385 203 385H207ZM500 146Q500 234 544 290T647 347Q699 347 737 292T776 146T737 0T646 -56Q590 -56 545 0T500 146ZM651 -18Q679 -18 707 24T736 146Q736 215 711 262T644 309Q637 309 630 306T611 295T591 265T578 212Q577 200 577 146V124Q577 -18 647 -18H651Z"></path></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container>. Increase the progress in a loop with <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.127ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="3.016ex" height="1.824ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 1333 806"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(500,0)"><path data-c="25" d="M465 605Q428 605 394 614T340 632T319 641Q332 608 332 548Q332 458 293 403T202 347Q145 347 101 402T56 548Q56 637 101 693T202 750Q241 750 272 719Q359 642 464 642Q580 642 650 732Q662 748 668 749Q670 750 673 750Q682 750 688 743T693 726Q178 -47 170 -52Q166 -56 160 -56Q147 -56 142 -45Q137 -36 142 -27Q143 -24 363 304Q469 462 525 546T581 630Q528 605 465 605ZM207 385Q235 385 263 427T292 548Q292 617 267 664T200 712Q193 712 186 709T167 698T147 668T134 615Q132 595 132 548V527Q132 436 165 403Q183 385 203 385H207ZM500 146Q500 234 544 290T647 347Q699 347 737 292T776 146T737 0T646 -56Q590 -56 545 0T500 146ZM651 -18Q679 -18 707 24T736 146Q736 215 711 262T644 309Q637 309 630 306T611 295T591 265T578 212Q577 200 577 146V124Q577 -18 647 -18H651Z"></path></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container> increments. Use the <code>Thread.Sleep()</code> method to wait <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.05ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="5.416ex" height="1.557ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 2394 688"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z" transform="translate(500,0)"></path></g><g data-mml-node="mstyle" transform="translate(1000,0)"><g data-mml-node="mspace"></g></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD" transform="translate(1167,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="6D" d="M41 46H55Q94 46 102 60V68Q102 77 102 91T102 122T103 161T103 203Q103 234 103 269T102 328V351Q99 370 88 376T43 385H25V408Q25 431 27 431L37 432Q47 433 65 434T102 436Q119 437 138 438T167 441T178 442H181V402Q181 364 182 364T187 369T199 384T218 402T247 421T285 437Q305 442 336 442Q351 442 364 440T387 434T406 426T421 417T432 406T441 395T448 384T452 374T455 366L457 361L460 365Q463 369 466 373T475 384T488 397T503 410T523 422T546 432T572 439T603 442Q729 442 740 329Q741 322 741 190V104Q741 66 743 59T754 49Q775 46 803 46H819V0H811L788 1Q764 2 737 2T699 3Q596 3 587 0H579V46H595Q656 46 656 62Q657 64 657 200Q656 335 655 343Q649 371 635 385T611 402T585 404Q540 404 506 370Q479 343 472 315T464 232V168V108Q464 78 465 68T468 55T477 49Q498 46 526 46H542V0H534L510 1Q487 2 460 2T422 3Q319 3 310 0H302V46H318Q379 46 379 62Q380 64 380 200Q379 335 378 343Q372 371 358 385T334 402T308 404Q263 404 229 370Q202 343 195 315T187 232V168V108Q187 78 188 68T191 55T200 49Q221 46 249 46H265V0H257L234 1Q210 2 183 2T145 3Q42 3 33 0H25V46H41Z"></path><path data-c="73" d="M295 316Q295 356 268 385T190 414Q154 414 128 401Q98 382 98 349Q97 344 98 336T114 312T157 287Q175 282 201 278T245 269T277 256Q294 248 310 236T342 195T359 133Q359 71 321 31T198 -10H190Q138 -10 94 26L86 19L77 10Q71 4 65 -1L54 -11H46H42Q39 -11 33 -5V74V132Q33 153 35 157T45 162H54Q66 162 70 158T75 146T82 119T101 77Q136 26 198 26Q295 26 295 104Q295 133 277 151Q257 175 194 187T111 210Q75 227 54 256T33 318Q33 357 50 384T93 424T143 442T187 447H198Q238 447 268 432L283 424L292 431Q302 440 314 448H322H326Q329 448 335 442V310L329 304H301Q295 310 295 316Z" transform="translate(833,0)"></path></g></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container> between each increment.</p>
|
|
<p>Create a main loop where each time the user presses enter, the <code>LoadData()</code> method is executed on a separate thread.</p>
|
|
<p><img src="imgs/14%20Exceptions%2C%20Threads%20and%20Tasks_4.png" alt="" /></p>
|
|
<footer>Näytä ekstrana, miten tämä tehdään käyttäen luokan metodia eri luokan arvoilla</footer>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="14" data-marpit-fragments="4" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="14" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h2 id="tasks">Tasks</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">In some cases you want to continue working on some tasks while others are queued to be executed
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">For example, after sending a server request, you might want to begin some tasks immediately and others only after a response has been received</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Following <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/concepts/async/">this great analogy</a> from Microsoft docs, a cook doesn't have to wait for the eggs to be ready to begin brewing coffee or cooking bacon; instead, the cook would begin all tasks simultaneously</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">Threading won't help here; even if there was one cook (thread) for each task, they would all have to wait for the oven to heat up. One cook can just well do all the tasks (cooking) alone.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="15" data-marpit-fragments="4" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="15" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h1 id="tasks---continued">Tasks - Continued</h1>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">To create an asynchronous method, assign it with the async keyword. It is good practice to end the method name with Async</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">The method should return a value of the type that is specified in the angled brackets (if your task doesn't return a value, leave the brackets out)</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Inside the method, call an asynchronous method with the await keyword:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> Task<<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>> <span class="hljs-title">MyMethodAsync</span>()</span>
|
|
{
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">byte</span>[] content = <span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> client.GetByteArrayAsync(<span class="hljs-string">"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/"</span>);
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> content.Length;
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">This method can now be called asynchronously:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp">Task<<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>> myMethodResult = MyMethodAsync();
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="16" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="16" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:5;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h2 id="tasks-example">Tasks example</h2>
|
|
<div class='columns21' markdown='1'>
|
|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Program</span>
|
|
{
|
|
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> Task<<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>> <span class="hljs-title">GetResultAsync</span>()</span>
|
|
{
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> waitTime = <span class="hljs-number">5000</span>;
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> Task.Delay(waitTime);
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Replace this with your time consuming async functionality</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>(
|
|
<span class="hljs-string">$"The task took <span class="hljs-subst">{waitTime / <span class="hljs-number">1000</span>}</span> seconds to finish."</span>
|
|
);
|
|
}
|
|
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">Main</span>(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>[] args</span>)</span>
|
|
{
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">"Starting operation..."</span>);
|
|
Task<<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>> resultTask = GetResultAsync();
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">"Operation has been started."</span>);
|
|
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">"In the meantime, tell me something nice: "</span>);
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> somethingNice = Console.ReadLine();
|
|
resultTask.Wait(); <span class="hljs-comment">// Wait for the task to complete</span>
|
|
Console.WriteLine(resultTask.Result);
|
|
Console.ReadKey();
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div markdown='1'>
|
|
<p><img src="imgs/14%20Exceptions%2C%20Threads%20and%20Tasks_5.png" alt="" /></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="17" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-background-color="#29366f" data-heading-divider="5" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="17" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--background-color:#29366f;--heading-divider:5;background-color:#29366f;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="17">
|
|
<h2 id="exercise-3-asynchronous-loading">Exercise 3: Asynchronous Loading</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>Re-create the exercise 2, but instead of using separate threads for "loading the data", use an asynchronous method <code>LoadDataAsync()</code></p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
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