File
using System.IO; @@ -47,7 +51,7 @@
File.ReadAllText
File.WriteAllText
File.WriteAllLines
You can serialize an object (e.g. a list) into a JSON string with the JsonConvert.SerializeObject() method:
JsonConvert.SerializeObject()
Deserializing the contents of a JSON file into an object in your program can be done with the JsonConvert.DeserializeObject() method:
JsonConvert.DeserializeObject()
string json = File.ReadAllText( @@ -166,7 +170,7 @@ deserializedProducts = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<Product>>( }
allNotes
notes.json
using
The following reads the first 20 characters of a file and prints them to the console
string path = @"C:\Users\Public\TestFolder\TestFile.txt"; -int nOfBytesToPrint = 20; -byte[] byteArray = new byte[nOfBytesToPrint]; +int numberOfBytesToPrint = 20; +byte[] byteArray = new byte[numberOfBytesToPrint]; if (!File.Exists(path)) Console.WriteLine($"The file {path} does not exist."); else using (FileStream fs = File.OpenRead(path)) { - fs.Read(byteArray, 0, nOfBytesToPrint); + fs.Read(byteArray, 0, numberOfBytesToPrint); }; // No need to close the file since it was handled inside of a using block diff --git a/12-files-and-streams.md b/12-files-and-streams.md index ca24885..8f7abb7 100644 --- a/12-files-and-streams.md +++ b/12-files-and-streams.md @@ -217,15 +217,15 @@ The following reads the first 20 characters of a file and prints them to the con ```csharp string path = @"C:\Users\Public\TestFolder\TestFile.txt"; -int nOfBytesToPrint = 20; -byte[] byteArray = new byte[nOfBytesToPrint]; +int numberOfBytesToPrint = 20; +byte[] byteArray = new byte[numberOfBytesToPrint]; if (!File.Exists(path)) Console.WriteLine($"The file {path} does not exist."); else using (FileStream fs = File.OpenRead(path)) { - fs.Read(byteArray, 0, nOfBytesToPrint); + fs.Read(byteArray, 0, numberOfBytesToPrint); }; // No need to close the file since it was handled inside of a using block diff --git a/13-generics-ienumerable-and-linq-slides.html b/13-generics-ienumerable-and-linq-slides.html index faacf3c..f1213dd 100644 --- a/13-generics-ienumerable-and-linq-slides.html +++ b/13-generics-ienumerable-and-linq-slides.html @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -N. Generics, IEnumerable and LINQPrevious slideNext slideToggle fullscreenOpen presenter view + /* content:""; */display:table}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after{clear:both}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:first-child{margin-top:0!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section a:not([href]){color:inherit;text-decoration:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .absent{color:var(--color-danger-fg)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .anchor{float:left;line-height:1;margin-left:-20px;padding-right:4px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .anchor:focus{outline:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section blockquote,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section details,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section dl,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section p,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ul{margin-bottom:16px;margin-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section blockquote>:first-child{margin-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section blockquote>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1) .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2) .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3) .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4) .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5) .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6) .octicon-link{color:var(--color-fg-default);vertical-align:middle;visibility:hidden}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1):hover .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2):hover .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3):hover .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4):hover .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5):hover .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6):hover .anchor{text-decoration:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1):hover .anchor .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2):hover .anchor .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3):hover .anchor .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4):hover .anchor .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5):hover .anchor .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6):hover .anchor .octicon-link{visibility:visible}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1) tt,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2) tt,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3) tt,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4) tt,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5) tt,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6) tt{font-size:inherit;padding:0 .2em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h2,marp-h2),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h3,marp-h3),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h4,marp-h4),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h5,marp-h5),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h6,marp-h6){display:inline-block}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h1,marp-h1) .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h2,marp-h2) .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h3,marp-h3) .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h4,marp-h4) .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h5,marp-h5) .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h6,marp-h6) .anchor{margin-left:-40px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h2,marp-h2){border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol.no-list,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ul.no-list{list-style-type:none;padding:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol[type="a s"]{list-style-type:lower-alpha}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol[type="A s"]{list-style-type:upper-alpha}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol[type="i s"]{list-style-type:lower-roman}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol[type="I s"]{list-style-type:upper-roman}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section div>ol:not([type]),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol[type="1"]{list-style-type:decimal}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol ol,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol ul,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ul ol,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ul ul{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section li>p{margin-top:16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section li+li{margin-top:.25em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section dl{padding:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section dl dt{font-size:1em;font-style:italic;font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-semibold,600);margin-top:16px;padding:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section dl dd{margin-bottom:16px;padding:0 16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table th{font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-semibold,600)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table td,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table th{border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);padding:6px 13px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table td>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table tr{background-color:var(--color-canvas-default);border-top:1px solid var(--color-border-muted)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table tr:nth-child(2n){background-color:var(--color-canvas-subtle)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table img{background-color:transparent}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section img[align=right]{padding-left:20px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section img[align=left]{padding-right:20px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .emoji{background-color:transparent;max-width:none;vertical-align:text-top}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).frame,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).frame>:is(span,marp-span){display:block;overflow:hidden}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).frame>:is(span,marp-span){border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);float:left;margin:13px 0 0;padding:7px;width:auto}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).frame :is(span,marp-span) img{display:block;float:left}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).frame :is(span,marp-span) :is(span,marp-span){clear:both;color:var(--color-fg-default);display:block;padding:5px 0 0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).align-center{clear:both;display:block;overflow:hidden}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).align-center>:is(span,marp-span){display:block;margin:13px auto 0;overflow:hidden;text-align:center}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).align-center :is(span,marp-span) img{margin:0 auto;text-align:center}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).align-right{clear:both;display:block;overflow:hidden}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).align-right>:is(span,marp-span){display:block;margin:13px 0 0;overflow:hidden;text-align:right}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).align-right :is(span,marp-span) img{margin:0;text-align:right}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).float-left{display:block;float:left;margin-right:13px;overflow:hidden}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).float-left :is(span,marp-span){margin:13px 0 0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).float-right{display:block;float:right;margin-left:13px;overflow:hidden}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).float-right>:is(span,marp-span){display:block;margin:13px auto 0;overflow:hidden;text-align:right}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section tt{background-color:var(--color-neutral-muted);border-radius:6px;font-size:85%;margin:0;padding:.2em .4em;white-space:break-spaces}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section code br,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section tt br{display:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section del code{text-decoration:inherit}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section samp{font-size:85%}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) code{font-size:100%}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre)>code{background:transparent;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;white-space:pre;word-break:normal}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .highlight{margin-bottom:16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .highlight :is(pre,marp-pre){margin-bottom:0;word-break:normal}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre){background-color:var(--color-canvas-subtle);border-radius:6px;color:var(--color-fg-default);font-size:85%;line-height:1.45;overflow:auto;padding:16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) tt{word-wrap:normal;background-color:transparent;border:0;display:inline;line-height:inherit;margin:0;max-width:auto;overflow:visible;padding:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .csv-data td,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .csv-data th{font-size:12px;line-height:1;overflow:hidden;padding:5px;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .csv-data .blob-num{background:var(--color-canvas-default);border:0;padding:10px 8px 9px;text-align:right}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .csv-data tr{border-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .csv-data th{background:var(--color-canvas-subtle);border-top:0;font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-semibold,600)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [data-footnote-ref]:before{content:"["}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [data-footnote-ref]:after{content:"]"}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes{border-top:1px solid var(--color-border-default);color:var(--color-fg-muted);font-size:12px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section section.footnotes{--marpit-root-font-size:12px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes ol{padding-left:16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes ol ul{display:inline-block;margin-top:16px;padding-left:16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes li{position:relative}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes li:target:before{border:2px solid var(--color-accent-emphasis);border-radius:6px;bottom:-8px;content:"";left:-24px;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:-8px;top:-8px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes li:target{color:var(--color-fg-default)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes .data-footnote-backref g-emoji{font-family:monospace}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-c{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-comment)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-c1,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-s .pl-v{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-e,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-en{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-s .pl-s1,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-smi{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-ent{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-k{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-keyword)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-pds,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-s,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-s .pl-pse .pl-s1,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-sr,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-sr .pl-cce,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-sr .pl-sra,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-sr .pl-sre{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-string)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-smw,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-v{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-variable)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-bu{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-unmatched)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-ii{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-c2{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-sr .pl-cce{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-string-regexp);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-ml{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-list)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mh,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mh .pl-en,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-ms{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-heading);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mi{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-italic);font-style:italic}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mb{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-md{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mi1{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mc{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mi2{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mdr{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-meta-diff-range);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-ba{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-angle)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-sg{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-sublimelinter-gutter-mark)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-corl{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant-other-reference-link);text-decoration:underline}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g-emoji{display:inline-block;font-family:Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol;font-size:1em;font-style:normal!important;font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-normal,400);line-height:1;min-width:1ch;vertical-align:-.075em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g-emoji img{height:1em;width:1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item{list-style-type:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item label{font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-normal,400)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item.enabled label{cursor:pointer}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item+.task-list-item{margin-top:4px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item .handle{display:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item-checkbox{margin:0 .2em .25em -1.4em;vertical-align:middle}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list:dir(rtl) .task-list-item-checkbox{margin:0 -1.6em .25em .2em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list{position:relative}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list:focus-within .task-list-item-convert-container,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list:hover .task-list-item-convert-container{clip:auto;display:block;height:24px;overflow:visible;width:auto}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ::-webkit-calendar-picker-indicator{filter:invert(50%)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1){color:var(--h1-color);font-size:1.6em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2){border-bottom:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2){font-size:1.3em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3){font-size:1.1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4){font-size:1.05em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5){font-size:1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6){font-size:.9em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6) strong{color:var(--heading-strong-color);font-weight:inherit}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6)::part(auto-scaling){max-height:563px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section hr{height:0;padding-top:.25em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre){border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);line-height:1.15;overflow:visible}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre)::part(auto-scaling){max-height:529px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-doctag),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-keyword),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta .hljs-keyword),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-template-tag),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-template-variable),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-type),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-variable.language_){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-keyword)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.class_),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.class_.inherited__),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.function_){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-attr),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-attribute),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-literal),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-number),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-operator),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-attr),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-class),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-id),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-variable){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta .hljs-string),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-regexp),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-string){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-string)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-built_in),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-symbol){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-variable)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-code),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-comment),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-formula){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-comment)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-name),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-quote),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-pseudo),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-tag){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-subst){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-section){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-heading);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-bullet){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-list)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-emphasis){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-italic);font-style:italic}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-strong){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-addition){background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-deletion){background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section footer,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section header{color:var(--header-footer-color);font-size:18px;left:30px;margin:0;position:absolute}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section header{top:21px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section footer{bottom:21px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{--h1-color:#246;--header-footer-color:hsla(0,0%,40%,.75);--heading-strong-color:#48c;--paginate-color:#777;align-items:stretch;display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;font-size:29px;height:720px;justify-content:center;padding:78.5px;width:1280px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{--marpit-root-font-size:29px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:where(.invert){--h1-color:#cee7ff;--header-footer-color:hsla(0,0%,60%,.75);--heading-strong-color:#7bf;--paginate-color:#999}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:last-child,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-footer]>:nth-last-child(2){margin-bottom:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:first-child,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>header:first-child+*{margin-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after{bottom:21px;color:var(--paginate-color);font-size:24px;padding:0;position:absolute;right:30px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after{--marpit-root-font-size:24px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h2,marp-h2),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h3,marp-h3),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h4,marp-h4),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h5,marp-h5),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h6,marp-h6){color:currentcolor}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>:where(section){container-type:size}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section img[data-marp-twemoji]{background:transparent;height:1em;margin:0 .05em 0 .1em;vertical-align:-.1em;width:1em} +/* buutti.css */ +/* @theme buutti */div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns12{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 2fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns21{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns32{display:grid;grid-template-columns:3fr 2fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns23{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 3fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns111{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .centered{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;text-align:center}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .tableborderless td,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section th{border:none!important;border-collapse:collapse}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section.extra{background-color:#5d275d;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#401a40,#1d0c1d);color:white}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section.extra a{color:rgb(145,255,209)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section.exercise{background-color:#29366f;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#20636a,#173742);color:white}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section.exercise a{color:rgb(211,173,255)} + +/* @theme a4zi4vbh34t5i8ttmo695kutitk7yqqd3vkk721a4e1 */div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]{columns:initial!important;display:block!important;padding:0!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]:after,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]:before,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content]:after,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content]:before{display:none!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{all:initial;display:flex;flex-direction:row;height:100%;overflow:hidden;width:100%}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container][data-marpit-advanced-background-direction=vertical]{flex-direction:column}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background][data-marpit-advanced-background-split]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{width:var(--marpit-advanced-background-split,50%)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background][data-marpit-advanced-background-split=right]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{margin-left:calc(100% - var(--marpit-advanced-background-split, 50%))}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]>figure{all:initial;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;flex:auto;margin:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]>figure>figcaption{position:absolute;border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo]{background:transparent!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo],div#\:\$p>svg[data-marpit-svg]>foreignObject[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo]{pointer-events:none!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background-split]{width:100%;height:100%}Previous slideNext slideToggle fullscreenOpen presenter view Generics, IEnumerable and LINQ - + Generics When using lists, you have to define the type of data that will be stored in the list, inside the angled brackets:List<int> numberList = new List<int>(); // This list stores variables of type int @@ -23,7 +27,7 @@ All the variables that are defined generic inside a generic container will be assigned a type only when the containing object/method is called - + Creating a generic class class GenericClassExample<T> { @@ -46,10 +50,10 @@ - + Multiple type parameters -Generic classes can receive multiple types as parameters: -class CustomContainer<T1, T2, T3> + +Generic classes can receive multiple types as parameters:class CustomContainer<T1, T2, T3> { public T1 First { get; set; } public T2 Second { get; set; } @@ -67,11 +71,12 @@ } } + + - + Creating a generic Method - -void GenericMethodExample<T>(T value) +void GenericMethodExample<T>(T value) { Console.WriteLine ($"This method was passed a variable of type {value.GetType()} and of value {value}."); @@ -80,10 +85,10 @@ GenericMethodExample<string>( -Note: You could name the generic type as anything, e.g. <GenericType>. It is named <T> by convention. +Note: You could name the generic type as anything, e.g. <GenericType>. It is named <T> here by convention. - + Exercise 1: Initializing a populated list Create a generic method GetPopulatedList<T> which takes two parameters: T value and int length, and returns a new list of type T which is populated with the value variables and has a length of length. @@ -95,7 +100,7 @@ GenericMethodExample<string>( - + IEnumerable Lists and arrays are both collections that implement the IEnumerable interface @@ -111,17 +116,17 @@ IEnumerable<string> days = - + The IEnumerable interface itself doesn't hold much functionality: However, the LINQ library includes all the methods you would typically need to apply to IEnumerables, such as filtering - + LINQ - + The problem @@ -147,7 +152,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(FindObjectWithId(1).Name); - + Having to write your own method for every possible query operation (select, filter, sort…) would be nonsensical The List class includes some methods for manipulation, but... @@ -159,7 +164,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(FindObjectWithId(1).Name); What to do? - + The solution To introduce extensive query capabilities to all collection types, Language-Integrated Query (LINQ) was created @@ -169,7 +174,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(FindObjectWithId(1).Name); - + Here's a solution to the earlier example that uses LINQ: @@ -189,7 +194,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(user => user.Id == + Lambda expressions Lambda expressions are a quick way of writing one-line methods @@ -207,7 +212,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userList.First(GetUserWithId).Name); + Lambda expressions compared Using LINQs "First" -query with... @@ -243,7 +248,7 @@ Console.WriteLine( - + Lambda expressions: An example Regular methods can also be declared using the arrow function static void Main(string[] args) @@ -257,7 +262,7 @@ Console.WriteLine( } - + LINQ and Lambda expressions Going back to our LINQ example...IEnumerable<User> userArray = new User[2] // Initialize a new array of users @@ -279,7 +284,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); + LINQ methods LINQ contains methods for filtering, ordering, grouping, joining and selecting @@ -292,7 +297,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); + LINQ methods listed @@ -321,7 +326,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); + @@ -354,7 +359,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); + @@ -388,7 +393,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); here - + LINQ: A chained example Suppose we have a csv file authors.csv in our project directory.// using System.IO; @@ -411,7 +416,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); authors now contains all the authors from the original csv file! - + Query syntax An alternative way of using LINQ is with the query syntax @@ -424,7 +429,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); The where keyword specifies the condition for the filter - + LINQ queries: An example Suppose we have a class City that contains a property Description @@ -440,7 +445,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); + Extension methods vs. query syntax In the previous examples, we used the query syntax of LINQ @@ -470,7 +475,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); All queries listed here: https://www.tutorialsteacher.com/linq/linq-standard-query-operators - + ToArray() and ToList() methods Notice that the LINQ queries return an IEnumerable @@ -496,7 +501,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); + Exercise 2: Filtering Names @@ -506,7 +511,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); If there are less than 10 resulting names, print the names as well! - + Exercise 3: Queries on Object Lists @@ -517,7 +522,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); Print the names and id:s of the users in the sorted list - + Going Further: Extension Methods diff --git a/13-generics-ienumerable-and-linq.md b/13-generics-ienumerable-and-linq.md index 469ff54..ea79eaa 100644 --- a/13-generics-ienumerable-and-linq.md +++ b/13-generics-ienumerable-and-linq.md @@ -47,32 +47,30 @@ class Program ### Multiple type parameters -Generic classes can receive multiple types as parameters: - -```csharp -class CustomContainer -{ - public T1 First { get; set; } - public T2 Second { get; set; } - public T3 Third { get; set; } -} -class Program -{ - static void Main(string[] args) +* Generic classes can receive multiple types as parameters: + ```csharp + class CustomContainer { - CustomContainer container - = new CustomContainer(); - container.First = 10; - container.Second = "Testing."; - container.Third = DateTime.Now; + public T1 First { get; set; } + public T2 Second { get; set; } + public T3 Third { get; set; } } -} -``` + class Program + { + static void Main(string[] args) + { + CustomContainer container + = new CustomContainer(); + container.First = 10; + container.Second = "Testing."; + container.Third = DateTime.Now; + } + } + ``` ### Creating a generic Method ```csharp - void GenericMethodExample(T value) { Console.WriteLine @@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ GenericMethodExample("ABC");  -* ***Note:*** You could name the generic type as anything, e.g. ``. It is named `` by convention. +* ***Note:*** You could name the generic type as anything, e.g. ``. It is named `` here by convention. ## Exercise 1: Initializing a populated list diff --git a/14-exceptions-threads-and-tasks-slides.html b/14-exceptions-threads-and-tasks-slides.html index 3677576..a5bf56b 100644 --- a/14-exceptions-threads-and-tasks-slides.html +++ b/14-exceptions-threads-and-tasks-slides.html @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -14. Exceptions, Threads and TasksPrevious slideNext slideToggle fullscreenOpen presenter view + /* content:""; */display:table}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after{clear:both}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:first-child{margin-top:0!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section a:not([href]){color:inherit;text-decoration:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .absent{color:var(--color-danger-fg)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .anchor{float:left;line-height:1;margin-left:-20px;padding-right:4px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .anchor:focus{outline:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section blockquote,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section details,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section dl,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section p,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ul{margin-bottom:16px;margin-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section blockquote>:first-child{margin-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section blockquote>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1) .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2) .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3) .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4) .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5) .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6) .octicon-link{color:var(--color-fg-default);vertical-align:middle;visibility:hidden}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1):hover .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2):hover .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3):hover .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4):hover .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5):hover .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6):hover .anchor{text-decoration:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1):hover .anchor .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2):hover .anchor .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3):hover .anchor .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4):hover .anchor .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5):hover .anchor .octicon-link,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6):hover .anchor .octicon-link{visibility:visible}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1) tt,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2) tt,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3) tt,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4) tt,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5) tt,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6) tt{font-size:inherit;padding:0 .2em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h2,marp-h2),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h3,marp-h3),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h4,marp-h4),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h5,marp-h5),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h6,marp-h6){display:inline-block}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h1,marp-h1) .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h2,marp-h2) .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h3,marp-h3) .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h4,marp-h4) .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h5,marp-h5) .anchor,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h6,marp-h6) .anchor{margin-left:-40px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section summary :is(h2,marp-h2){border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol.no-list,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ul.no-list{list-style-type:none;padding:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol[type="a s"]{list-style-type:lower-alpha}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol[type="A s"]{list-style-type:upper-alpha}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol[type="i s"]{list-style-type:lower-roman}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol[type="I s"]{list-style-type:upper-roman}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section div>ol:not([type]),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol[type="1"]{list-style-type:decimal}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol ol,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ol ul,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ul ol,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ul ul{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section li>p{margin-top:16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section li+li{margin-top:.25em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section dl{padding:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section dl dt{font-size:1em;font-style:italic;font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-semibold,600);margin-top:16px;padding:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section dl dd{margin-bottom:16px;padding:0 16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table th{font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-semibold,600)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table td,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table th{border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);padding:6px 13px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table td>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table tr{background-color:var(--color-canvas-default);border-top:1px solid var(--color-border-muted)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table tr:nth-child(2n){background-color:var(--color-canvas-subtle)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section table img{background-color:transparent}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section img[align=right]{padding-left:20px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section img[align=left]{padding-right:20px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .emoji{background-color:transparent;max-width:none;vertical-align:text-top}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).frame,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).frame>:is(span,marp-span){display:block;overflow:hidden}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).frame>:is(span,marp-span){border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);float:left;margin:13px 0 0;padding:7px;width:auto}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).frame :is(span,marp-span) img{display:block;float:left}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).frame :is(span,marp-span) :is(span,marp-span){clear:both;color:var(--color-fg-default);display:block;padding:5px 0 0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).align-center{clear:both;display:block;overflow:hidden}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).align-center>:is(span,marp-span){display:block;margin:13px auto 0;overflow:hidden;text-align:center}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).align-center :is(span,marp-span) img{margin:0 auto;text-align:center}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).align-right{clear:both;display:block;overflow:hidden}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).align-right>:is(span,marp-span){display:block;margin:13px 0 0;overflow:hidden;text-align:right}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).align-right :is(span,marp-span) img{margin:0;text-align:right}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).float-left{display:block;float:left;margin-right:13px;overflow:hidden}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).float-left :is(span,marp-span){margin:13px 0 0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).float-right{display:block;float:right;margin-left:13px;overflow:hidden}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(span,marp-span).float-right>:is(span,marp-span){display:block;margin:13px auto 0;overflow:hidden;text-align:right}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section tt{background-color:var(--color-neutral-muted);border-radius:6px;font-size:85%;margin:0;padding:.2em .4em;white-space:break-spaces}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section code br,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section tt br{display:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section del code{text-decoration:inherit}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section samp{font-size:85%}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) code{font-size:100%}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre)>code{background:transparent;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;white-space:pre;word-break:normal}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .highlight{margin-bottom:16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .highlight :is(pre,marp-pre){margin-bottom:0;word-break:normal}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre){background-color:var(--color-canvas-subtle);border-radius:6px;color:var(--color-fg-default);font-size:85%;line-height:1.45;overflow:auto;padding:16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) code,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) tt{word-wrap:normal;background-color:transparent;border:0;display:inline;line-height:inherit;margin:0;max-width:auto;overflow:visible;padding:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .csv-data td,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .csv-data th{font-size:12px;line-height:1;overflow:hidden;padding:5px;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .csv-data .blob-num{background:var(--color-canvas-default);border:0;padding:10px 8px 9px;text-align:right}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .csv-data tr{border-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .csv-data th{background:var(--color-canvas-subtle);border-top:0;font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-semibold,600)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [data-footnote-ref]:before{content:"["}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [data-footnote-ref]:after{content:"]"}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes{border-top:1px solid var(--color-border-default);color:var(--color-fg-muted);font-size:12px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section section.footnotes{--marpit-root-font-size:12px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes ol{padding-left:16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes ol ul{display:inline-block;margin-top:16px;padding-left:16px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes li{position:relative}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes li:target:before{border:2px solid var(--color-accent-emphasis);border-radius:6px;bottom:-8px;content:"";left:-24px;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:-8px;top:-8px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes li:target{color:var(--color-fg-default)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .footnotes .data-footnote-backref g-emoji{font-family:monospace}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-c{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-comment)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-c1,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-s .pl-v{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-e,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-en{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-s .pl-s1,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-smi{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-ent{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-k{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-keyword)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-pds,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-s,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-s .pl-pse .pl-s1,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-sr,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-sr .pl-cce,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-sr .pl-sra,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-sr .pl-sre{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-string)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-smw,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-v{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-variable)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-bu{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-unmatched)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-ii{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-invalid-illegal-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-c2{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-carriage-return-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-sr .pl-cce{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-string-regexp);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-ml{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-list)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mh,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mh .pl-en,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-ms{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-heading);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mi{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-italic);font-style:italic}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mb{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-md{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mi1{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mc{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mi2{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mdr{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-meta-diff-range);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-ba{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-angle)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-sg{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-sublimelinter-gutter-mark)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-corl{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant-other-reference-link);text-decoration:underline}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g-emoji{display:inline-block;font-family:Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol;font-size:1em;font-style:normal!important;font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-normal,400);line-height:1;min-width:1ch;vertical-align:-.075em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g-emoji img{height:1em;width:1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item{list-style-type:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item label{font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-normal,400)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item.enabled label{cursor:pointer}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item+.task-list-item{margin-top:4px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item .handle{display:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item-checkbox{margin:0 .2em .25em -1.4em;vertical-align:middle}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list:dir(rtl) .task-list-item-checkbox{margin:0 -1.6em .25em .2em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list{position:relative}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list:focus-within .task-list-item-convert-container,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list:hover .task-list-item-convert-container{clip:auto;display:block;height:24px;overflow:visible;width:auto}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ::-webkit-calendar-picker-indicator{filter:invert(50%)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1){color:var(--h1-color);font-size:1.6em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2){border-bottom:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2){font-size:1.3em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3){font-size:1.1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4){font-size:1.05em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5){font-size:1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6){font-size:.9em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6) strong{color:var(--heading-strong-color);font-weight:inherit}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6)::part(auto-scaling){max-height:563px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section hr{height:0;padding-top:.25em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre){border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);line-height:1.15;overflow:visible}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre)::part(auto-scaling){max-height:529px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-doctag),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-keyword),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta .hljs-keyword),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-template-tag),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-template-variable),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-type),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-variable.language_){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-keyword)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.class_),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.class_.inherited__),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.function_){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-attr),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-attribute),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-literal),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-number),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-operator),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-attr),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-class),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-id),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-variable){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta .hljs-string),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-regexp),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-string){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-string)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-built_in),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-symbol){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-variable)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-code),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-comment),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-formula){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-comment)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-name),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-quote),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-pseudo),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-tag){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-subst){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-section){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-heading);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-bullet){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-list)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-emphasis){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-italic);font-style:italic}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-strong){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-addition){background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-deletion){background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section footer,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section header{color:var(--header-footer-color);font-size:18px;left:30px;margin:0;position:absolute}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section header{top:21px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section footer{bottom:21px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{--h1-color:#246;--header-footer-color:hsla(0,0%,40%,.75);--heading-strong-color:#48c;--paginate-color:#777;align-items:stretch;display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;font-size:29px;height:720px;justify-content:center;padding:78.5px;width:1280px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{--marpit-root-font-size:29px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:where(.invert){--h1-color:#cee7ff;--header-footer-color:hsla(0,0%,60%,.75);--heading-strong-color:#7bf;--paginate-color:#999}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:last-child,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-footer]>:nth-last-child(2){margin-bottom:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:first-child,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>header:first-child+*{margin-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after{bottom:21px;color:var(--paginate-color);font-size:24px;padding:0;position:absolute;right:30px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after{--marpit-root-font-size:24px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h2,marp-h2),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h3,marp-h3),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h4,marp-h4),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h5,marp-h5),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h6,marp-h6){color:currentcolor}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>:where(section){container-type:size}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG]{direction:ltr}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG]>svg{overflow:visible;min-height:1px;min-width:1px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG]>svg a{fill:blue;stroke:blue}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG][display=true]{display:block;text-align:center;margin:1em 0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG][display=true][width=full]{display:flex}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG][justify=left]{text-align:left}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG][justify=right]{text-align:right}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=merror]>g{fill:red;stroke:red}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=merror]>rect[data-background]{fill:yellow;stroke:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>line[data-line],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section svg[data-table]>g>line[data-line]{stroke-width:70px;fill:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>rect[data-frame],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section svg[data-table]>g>rect[data-frame]{stroke-width:70px;fill:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>.mjx-dashed,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section svg[data-table]>g>.mjx-dashed{stroke-dasharray:140}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>.mjx-dotted,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section svg[data-table]>g>.mjx-dotted{stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:0,140}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=mtable]>g>svg{overflow:visible}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [jax=SVG] mjx-tool{display:inline-block;position:relative;width:0;height:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section [jax=SVG] mjx-tool>mjx-tip{position:absolute;top:0;left:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-tool>mjx-tip{display:inline-block;padding:.2em;border:1px solid #888;font-size:70%;background-color:#F8F8F8;color:black;box-shadow:2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g[data-mml-node=maction][data-toggle]{cursor:pointer}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-status{display:block;position:fixed;left:1em;bottom:1em;min-width:25%;padding:.2em .4em;border:1px solid #888;font-size:90%;background-color:#F8F8F8;color:black}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section foreignObject[data-mjx-xml]{font-family:initial;line-height:normal;overflow:visible}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG] path[data-c],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG] use[data-c]{stroke-width:3}@media print{div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG] path[data-c],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section mjx-container[jax=SVG] use[data-c]{stroke-width:0}}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section img[data-marp-twemoji]{background:transparent;height:1em;margin:0 .05em 0 .1em;vertical-align:-.1em;width:1em} +/* buutti.css */ +/* @theme buutti */div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns12{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 2fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns21{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns32{display:grid;grid-template-columns:3fr 2fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns23{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 3fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .columns111{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:calc(var(--marpit-root-font-size, 1rem) * 1)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .centered{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;text-align:center}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .tableborderless td,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section th{border:none!important;border-collapse:collapse}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section.extra{background-color:#5d275d;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#401a40,#1d0c1d);color:white}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section.extra a{color:rgb(145,255,209)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section.exercise{background-color:#29366f;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#20636a,#173742);color:white}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section.exercise a{color:rgb(211,173,255)} + +/* @theme raq7rrudwjjrtjuq6be4eqgujmw4bagyk545gp3vgsj3 */div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]{columns:initial!important;display:block!important;padding:0!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]:after,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]:before,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content]:after,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content]:before{display:none!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{all:initial;display:flex;flex-direction:row;height:100%;overflow:hidden;width:100%}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container][data-marpit-advanced-background-direction=vertical]{flex-direction:column}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background][data-marpit-advanced-background-split]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{width:var(--marpit-advanced-background-split,50%)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background][data-marpit-advanced-background-split=right]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{margin-left:calc(100% - var(--marpit-advanced-background-split, 50%))}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]>figure{all:initial;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;flex:auto;margin:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]>figure>figcaption{position:absolute;border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo]{background:transparent!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo],div#\:\$p>svg[data-marpit-svg]>foreignObject[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo]{pointer-events:none!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background-split]{width:100%;height:100%}Previous slideNext slideToggle fullscreenOpen presenter view Exceptions, Threads and Tasks - + Exceptions Exceptions are problems that occur during the lifetime of the program @@ -24,7 +28,7 @@ - + Checking for exceptions There should be some kind of system to check for these problems so that even if they do occur, the application does not crash @@ -50,7 +54,7 @@ - + Try-catch @@ -72,7 +76,7 @@ - + Throw @@ -97,7 +101,7 @@ - + Finally @@ -121,7 +125,7 @@ - + Exercise 1: Debugging Exceptions Create a savings calculator which asks the user for a target amount of money the user is aiming for (in integers), and the users monthly salary. For parsing, use the int.Parse() method instead of int.TryParse(). @@ -130,7 +134,7 @@ Try your program with different user inputs. Try to intentionally break your program and find as many exceptions as you can. Handle the exceptions with exception handling, and inform the user of each exception with an appropriate message. - + Threads You might have time consuming functionality in your program, like... @@ -153,7 +157,7 @@ In the case of continuous execution, there needs to be some way to read the stream and execute the main program at the same time - + Threads (continued) .NET supports multithreading and classes to add new threads are included in the base class libraryusing System.Threading; @@ -164,7 +168,7 @@ All threads have access to the resources allocated to your program - + Initialize a ThreadStart object with the method to be threaded as the argument: @@ -181,7 +185,7 @@ printIntegerThread.Start(); - + Thread example @@ -216,7 +220,7 @@ printIntegerThread.Start(); - + Threads (continued) @@ -236,7 +240,7 @@ printIntegerThread3.Start(); - + Exercise 2: Threaded Loading Create a method public static void LoadData() which simulates loading resources by printing progress from to . Increase the progress in a loop with increments. Use the Thread.Sleep() method to wait between each increment. @@ -244,7 +248,7 @@ printIntegerThread3.Start(); - + Tasks In some cases you want to continue working on some tasks while others are queued to be executed @@ -256,7 +260,7 @@ printIntegerThread3.Start(); Threading won't help here; even if there was one cook (thread) for each task, they would all have to wait for the oven to heat up. One cook can just well do all the tasks (cooking) alone. - + Tasks - Continued To create an asynchronous method, assign it with the async keyword. It is good practice to end the method name with Async @@ -273,7 +277,7 @@ printIntegerThread3.Start(); - + Tasks example @@ -283,7 +287,7 @@ printIntegerThread3.Start(); { int waitTime = 5000; await Task.Delay(waitTime); - // Replace this with your time consuming async functionality + // Replace above with some time-consuming async function return new string( $"The task took {waitTime / 1000} seconds to finish." ); @@ -293,7 +297,7 @@ printIntegerThread3.Start(); Console.WriteLine("Starting operation..."); Task<string> resultTask = GetResultAsync(); Console.WriteLine("Operation has been started."); - Console.WriteLine("In the meantime, tell me something nice: "); + Console.WriteLine("In the meantime, say something nice:"); string somethingNice = Console.ReadLine(); resultTask.Wait(); // Wait for the task to complete Console.WriteLine(resultTask.Result); @@ -307,10 +311,10 @@ printIntegerThread3.Start(); - + Exercise 3: Asynchronous Loading -Re-create the exercise 2, but instead of using separate threads for "loading the data", use an asynchronous method LoadDataAsync() +Redo exercise 2, but instead of using separate threads for "loading the data", use an asynchronous method LoadDataAsync().
List<int> numberList = new List<int>(); // This list stores variables of type int @@ -23,7 +27,7 @@ All the variables that are defined generic inside a generic container will be assigned a type only when the containing object/method is called
class GenericClassExample<T> { @@ -46,10 +50,10 @@
Generic classes can receive multiple types as parameters:
class CustomContainer<T1, T2, T3> + +Generic classes can receive multiple types as parameters:class CustomContainer<T1, T2, T3> { public T1 First { get; set; } public T2 Second { get; set; } @@ -67,11 +71,12 @@ } } + +
class CustomContainer<T1, T2, T3> { public T1 First { get; set; } public T2 Second { get; set; } @@ -67,11 +71,12 @@ } }
-void GenericMethodExample<T>(T value) +void GenericMethodExample<T>(T value) { Console.WriteLine ($"This method was passed a variable of type {value.GetType()} and of value {value}."); @@ -80,10 +85,10 @@ GenericMethodExample<string>( -Note: You could name the generic type as anything, e.g. <GenericType>. It is named <T> by convention. +Note: You could name the generic type as anything, e.g. <GenericType>. It is named <T> here by convention.
void GenericMethodExample<T>(T value) { Console.WriteLine ($"This method was passed a variable of type {value.GetType()} and of value {value}."); @@ -80,10 +85,10 @@ GenericMethodExample<string>(
<GenericType>
<T>
Create a generic method GetPopulatedList<T> which takes two parameters: T value and int length, and returns a new list of type T which is populated with the value variables and has a length of length.
GetPopulatedList<T>
T value
int length
T
value
length
IEnumerable
List
Here's a solution to the earlier example that uses LINQ:
Using LINQs "First" -query with...
Regular methods can also be declared using the arrow function
static void Main(string[] args) @@ -257,7 +262,7 @@ Console.WriteLine( }
IEnumerable<User> userArray = new User[2] // Initialize a new array of users @@ -279,7 +284,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); +
authors.csv
// using System.IO; @@ -411,7 +416,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(userArray.First(GetUserWithId).Name); authors now contains all the authors from the original csv file!
authors
where
ToArray()
ToList()
Create a savings calculator which asks the user for a target amount of money the user is aiming for (in integers), and the users monthly salary. For parsing, use the int.Parse() method instead of int.TryParse().
Try your program with different user inputs. Try to intentionally break your program and find as many exceptions as you can.
Handle the exceptions with exception handling, and inform the user of each exception with an appropriate message.
using System.Threading; @@ -164,7 +168,7 @@ All threads have access to the resources allocated to your program
Initialize a ThreadStart object with the method to be threaded as the argument:
ThreadStart
Create a method public static void LoadData() which simulates loading resources by printing progress from to . Increase the progress in a loop with increments. Use the Thread.Sleep() method to wait between each increment.
public static void LoadData()
Thread.Sleep()
Re-create the exercise 2, but instead of using separate threads for "loading the data", use an asynchronous method LoadDataAsync()
LoadDataAsync()
Redo exercise 2, but instead of using separate threads for "loading the data", use an asynchronous method LoadDataAsync().